중국 주요항만의 효율성 평가에 관한 실증연구

Abstract

Chinese ports are growing rapidly in the scale of ports and container cargo handling aspect in accordance with fast economic growth.

In this study, I focus on evaluating a relative efficiency of 7 Chinese ports which belong to top 20 ports in the world. In order to estimate the economic efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is utilized as an estimation method. DEA is a liner programming based upon the technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparison difficult. DEA provides the user with information about the efficient and inefficient units, as well as the efficiency scores and reference sets for inefficient units.

As a result, I can get the several conclusions as follows.

First, Hong Kong, Sanghai, Shenzhen is being operated at the optimal scale in 2004. Ningbo, Qingdao, Tianjin reach the technical efficiency in the view of variable returns to scale, even though they are not being operated at the optimal scale. However Busan and Kaoshiung are being operated in the VRS's way when it comes to dealing with containers and what is worse, don't reach the technical efficiency. The level of scale efficiency is the lowest in the concerned port.

Second, Sanghai, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Qingdao, Tianjin have input slacks temporarily which lowers scale efficiency while Busan and Kaoshiung have input slacks in the long term.

Third, Sanghai, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Qingdao, Tianjin have dynamically experienced fast improvement in technical efficiency and scale efficiency. But Busan and Kaoshiung maintain the stalemate level which doesn't reach the optimal scale in efficiency.

In the East Area which has experienced the fastest economic growth in the world, to back up this growth each countries including Korea, China and Japan cannot help facing between-port-competition. In this context, for Busan and Kaoshiung to compete with Chinese Ports, the policy and research should be prepared.