한국해양오염방제조합 방제실행능력의 극대화 방안 연구

Abstract

In Korean waters maritime typhoon or storms often form. Unexpected big marine accident is usually affected by natural factors such as typhoon, waves, wind and mist. The whole marine traffic amount is concentrated in the sea area around the harbor boundary and narrow waterway. The harbors on the southern and western seashore are surrounded by many islands, so the access route is complex. Besides the coastline is much indented. Especially the sea area joining Korean waters is geographically crowded with marine traffic between Korea/Japan, Korea/China, Korea/Russia. It also forms various fishing ground in the inshore so that the rate of maritime accident is very high.

The total cases of pollution accident occurred in Korean coast are 3,911 for the past 10 years (‘95~’04). The yearly mean 390 cases have been occurring. It shows somewhat decreasing tendency at the peak of 2000. But the ship accident occupies more than 90% of all. The major control cases of domestic marine pollution accident are 3 except the Sea Prince. The accident of the Sea Prince was occurred in July 28, 1995 as unloading 260,000㎘ of crude oil at the Honam Jeongyoo harbor. Undergone the typhoon "FAYE", the part of stokehold was run against the island. The fire broke out inside, the ship was drifting

finally it ran on the sunken rock of the southern end of Sorido, Nammyon, Yeocheongun. The outflow of 5,035㎘ of crude oil polluted throughout the southern coast.

Since the establishment of Korea Marine Pollution Response Corp., the case of the medium-mega pollution accident is the year mean 45 among 300~400 marine pollution cases a year. It means once a week control measure was carried out. In September, 2003, the marine accident caused by the storm "Memi" resulted in the maritime pollution by 4 ships (cargo ship and oil tanker) at the same time. The whole relevant member in the neighboring district was called out to recover the damage. And in December of the same year, the oil tanker Jeongyangho's left 4th tank was broken by the collision with other oil tanker at the port of Yeosoo Nakpo. The outflow of about 623 tons of bunker-C oil polluted throughout the coast including neighboring seashores. The rapid set-up of oil boom stopped the spreading of oil. As time went by, the viscosity of the outflown oil was going down affected by the temperature of water. So the oil collector was not available then, an excavator and other equipment were utilized to collect oil. It was the only domestic case of control operation occurred in winter.

The estimation of domestic control ability is on the basis of capability in which the control ship and oil collector are able to collect one third of the maximum flow volume, 60,000tons, during marine accident of 200,000tons loadage's oil tanker. The rest is a treatment by oil disposer, oil absorbent and to collect sticking oil to coast. The estimation of control ability is relatively important against the mechanical collection and chemical control method preferentially. In the national control strategy and domestic marine environment, the control disposer is considered to be just an optional measure because of the 2nd pollution. Therefore we aim at the mechanical collection like USA and Japan, we utilize the mechanical efficiency (the efficiency of oil collector) by 20%.

As introducing the notion of the maximum outflow volume, the maximizing measure of control execution capability, classifying the 12 branches' disposition of the current KMPRC into the following 4 scenarios, I have analyzed the optimum disposition and maximization.

Scenario 1 has analyzed the disposition volume of oil collectors kept in each region, as evaluating its control execution capability. On the assumption that KMPRC takes charge 35% of the national control capability, I analyzed the volume of the current holding oil collectors according to its control execution capability. The case of pollution accident which could be settled by equipment and manpower contained in the branch ship is corresponding to the 1st step, it could be controlled by the maximum control execution capability of the relevant branch.

In the 2nd step, the neighboring branch's control equipment is drawn to settle the pollution accident which could be handled by branch-kept equipment but needed the support of control manpower, or the accident which couldn't be controlled by branch-kept equipment.

The treatment level of the 1st step is the value which the treated volume of KMPRC divided by the control execution capability in the 1st step of the relevant branch among the maximum outflow volume. If the value is below 1, it means the relevant branch can exclusively implement the control measure in the 1st step, if it is above 1, it explains the status needed to draw the support of neighboring branch beyond the 2nd step.

Scenario 2 adjusts the control capability of 6 branches which are ineffectively disposed in the current control execution capability into the proper level 1 of the 1st step treatment level. Then as distributing the extra control capability into the 6 branches which are able to treat the 1st step above 1, the treatment level of the 1st step could be adjusted effectively. As the treatment level of the 1st step maintaining the branch which is satisfying the treatment of KMPRC among the maximum outflow volume, keeping the rate of insufficiency of 4 branches low, of which treated volume among the maximum outflow is beyond the 1st step treatment level. It shows the efficient redisposition of all disposition volume is required.

Scenario 3 shows that if the relevant branch could exclusively settle 100% of the treated volume of KMPRC among the maximum outflow volume of the relevant branch, by regulating the 1st step treatment level of all branches to 1, the additional requirement is 24,347 tons of control execution capability.

Scenario 4 shows that at the time of accident, by mobilizing the neighboring branch, to adjust the 2nd step treatment level to below 1 to be able to satisfy the treatment volume of KMPRC among the maximum outflow volume, the measure in which adjusting the 1st step treatment level to below 1, before adjusting the 2nd step one, is considered more advantageous than adjusting the 2nd step one to below 1 directly not considering the 1st step one. In this case the additional requirement is 15,890 tons of capability.