한-중 FTA의 개성공단 제품수출에 대한 영향 연구

Abstract

Kaeseong Industrial Complex has been steadily developing since the creation of an industrial complex started June, in 2003. Today, it generates the production output of 39 million dollars per month hiring 54,000 North Korean laborers as a place of South-North Korean economic community. Also, it symbolizes a detente and peace of the Korean Peninsula.

Kaeseong Industrial Complex, which has a lot of advantages such as the use of the same language, geographic proximity and a quality (and affordable) labor forces in the position of southern industries could be a new breakthrough or a land of opportunities especially to southern small and medium enterprises. Also, it could be the learning field of market economy in the position of northern industries and performed the role as the window of acquisition of foreign currencies.

However, a stoppage of work in 2013 demonstrates a pending decision such as a risk on the Korean peninsula and insufficient legal and institutional devices, a shortage of labor supply in Kaeseong Industrial Complex, restriction of carrying out for the strategic goods or frustrated exports, which are non-economic issues, to solve for the development of Kaeseong Industrial Complex.

Among the unsettled problems, exports by exploiting through overseas markets can be a prerequisite to activate the Kaeseong Industrial Complex. The products from Kaeseong Industrial Complex are accepted as products made in North Korea so that the overseas markets are actually blocked with the tariff of the high taxation.

Especially, FTA which signed provisional contract between Korea and China on Jun, 1st, 2015, acknowledges the largest number of 310 products from Kaeseong Industrial Complex as South Koran products.

The number of 267 products on the FTA between Korea and EU are admitted as South Korean products. The number of 108 products and 100 products are acknowledged as South Korean products on the FTA with each india and ASEAN. On the otherhand, FTA with China acknowledges all products from Kaeseong Industrial Complex as South Korean products.

This study showes the effect of export to China on the products from Kaeseong Industrial Complex which are 90% of the products from Kaeseong Industrial Complex occupies textile, machine metal and electric electronic.

Kenerally, in the position of Korea, the ratio of the chinese imports is quite high in the field of textile or clothes. The low price products can be expected to come into korean market and be expanded. It is expected to be suffered heavily. General machine field is expected to have a positive effect especially on the construction machine part and the field of the middle and small size of daily machine can receive the benefits by contracting FTA.

Also, among these products, the products of Kaeseong Industrial Complex were conducted research for the competitiveness. Among 310 items which are acknowledged as korean products, mainly textile products, electronics or mechanical component are intensively received benefits from FTA between Korean and China. So they are expected to improve the export competitiveness with China.

So the products of Kaeseong Industrial Complex are acknowledged as the Offshore processing area, which means they are acknowledged as products "made in South Korea". Therefore, Kaeseong Industrial Complex can establish a bridgehead to the huge mark, China and is expected to have the 2nd take-off stage.

This study comes up with an effective counterplan to enter the chinese market for tenant Companies from Kaeseong Industrial Complex under the FTA between Korea and China such as the improvement of VAT and quality, effective business model, nurturing of experts for FTA.

Additionally, not to miss the opportunity of the second take-off by the FTA between Korea and China, 5 plans which, are pursuing for separating principles on politics & economy, attracting foreign investment capital for Kaeseong Industrial Complex, constructing of logistics depot for Kaeseong Industrial Complex and consulting customized FTA for each companies are suggested for the support of the government level through this study.