해양에서 사경비 제도에 대한 고찰

Abstract

The security control at sea has been expended by the operation of EEZ(exclusive economic zone) law, and the burden of sea area security has been aggravated as the conflict between the sea control with neighbor countries. Moreover, the increase of nonmilitary security threats such as international crime threats like terror, pirate threats as well as illegal fishing, smuggle, and secret passage by foreign fisherboats, the conventional concept of security is changing. Add to here new security demand such as North-South search & rescue cooperation and stable transportation of trading commodities which are generated by sudden change of security surrounding of Korean peninsula and improvement of North-South relations. The sea security demand is increasing also in the future because of following reasons. The diversify of the oceans applyment and the increment of value creating activities led the sea security demand of seaside facilities, harbors, fisheries, vessels, and the oceans leisure facilities. However, with limited budget and resources, it's impossible to satisfy various service needs of the sea security only by public security system. Therefore, a private sea security guidance has been suggested in order to help and support smoothly the duty of the nation's sea security. To adjust the change of sea security environment initiatively, the MOU has been concluded between the Navy and the National Maritime Police Agency(NMPA) for close duty cooperation, and the seaside security task will be transferred to NMPA at 2012 by the National Security Plan 2020. However to cover a wide sea area with a sea security force owned by the nation would not only meet limit but also lots of restrictions to expend the sea security force proportion to the security demand. On the other hand, it's hard to expect a role of sea and seaside security to a private security guidance by the present security law due to lack of knowledge of seaside national important facilities like vessels, sea leisure facilities, harbors, sea industrial facilities, and space center.

The duty of sea security and seaside guard is operated by National Coast Guard Internationally. We can expect both the stretch of sea security power, and the improvement of the quality of security service by introducing a private sector, which could better the effectiveness of the state led sea guard security and reflect the character of oceans activities, into the sea security.

To create this expected effect, I've suggested a private security guidance qualification system concerning professionalism and security property, as making the ground security guidance system a role model.

Professional private security activities in sea area including harbors, coast, and oceans facilities would catch up increasing sea security demand, and also support private security under the systematic coach and assistance of NMPA. There are more right functions. It would be available to secure excellent person by the qualifying examination of sea security guidance. Also letting NMPA officer be a expert in private security area, it would provide a good opportunity to apply useful experience and knowledge learned while executing his duty.

We should miss that the dangers come not only from outside of the ocean but also through inside facilities like harbors, sea and coast facilities. The ocean and coast security couldn't be thought separatedly, but a single ocean area. Therefore The defence and security duty of sea police should be expanded to sea and coast facilities.

Ocean is a complex space consisting of sea, harbors, harbor base facilities, national important facilities like nuclear­generator, and vessels. We also considered sea security guidance system and to offer suitable security service that demanders want, and analysed duty area and demand. We also predicted the area of detail duties and demand of harbors as a basic research for feasibility study of introducing the system. The number of sea security guidance and private sea guards are expected as 40 and 2000, respectively, 5 years after introduction. And 10 years later, so called growth period, the expected numbers are 60 and 6000, respectively, and the demand would increase gradually.

We would continuously fix with overseas cases and ground private guidance cases to predict more accurate future demand and problems caused by the settling the system.