Co계 합금 분말을 이용한 선박엔진용 배기밸브의 레이저 리페어링에 관한 연구
DC Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 김종도 | - |
dc.contributor.author | 박수한 | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-12-16T02:50:21Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2019-12-16T02:50:21Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.kmou.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/11610 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://kmou.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000012483 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Exhaust valves for ship engines are easily worn out because they constantly receive mechanical and thermal stress at high temperature. Especially, the exhaust valve face that has great impact on engine performance requires high mechanical characteristics because damaging of the face leads to substantial performance degradation. However, the conventional exhaust valve repairing technique performs overlay welding on the face part using arc, which causes widening of diluted and heat affected zones due to high heat input. On the contrary, the cladding technique that uses a laser heat source can control the amount of dissimilar metals added, allowing for fusion bonding on the interface through minimal dilution. the base metal is partially melted to form a mixed junction layer. From the material perspective, this can obtain materials with complex characteristics and handle local heat treatment because of low heat input compared to other conventional heat sources. Deformation of processed objects can be minimized in this way. Also, this contactless process does not involve introduction of impurities by wearing of electrodes and can obtain relatively desirable surface with ease of automation. Such laser cladding technique is not only applied to exhaust valves in the ship industry but is also in practical use for turbine blades and machine parts of power generation facilities. The scope will be expanded to the defense industry and aerospace industry. Nonetheless, the laser cladding technology of Korea is still in an early stage of development and relies on foreign countries for repairs. Accordingly, it is urgent to secure laser processing technologies by actively responding to domestic demand and prepare for the development of future technologies in high-tech industries. In this study, an experiment was conducted to apply repairing of the exhaust valve face part of an actual ship using a laser heat source. Laser cladding was performed using a diode laser with maximum output of 8.0 kW, cladding optical head, 6-axis robot, powder feeder and turntable jig. The basic experiment performed one-pass cladding according to preheating, laser output, beam traverse speed and powder feed rate. It was carried out using SNCrW, a heat resisting steel material of 50MC exhaust valve for actual ships, Co-based stellite 6 with different contents of W and C and excellent heat resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and LC-190 powder. In addition, multi-pass cladding was performed while changing powder feed rate, overlap rate and number of stacks. Characteristics of the clad layer obtained from diverse variables were analyzed to derive optimal conditions, and the selected conditions were applied to the exhaust valve face part to perform cladding under different conditions. The clad layer acquired was free of defects like porosities and cracks, relatively excellent compared to the conventional techniques.| 선박엔진용 배기밸브는 고온에서 지속적으로 기계적 및 열적 응력을 받기 때문에 쉽게 마멸된다. 특히 엔진 성능에 큰 영향을 미치는 배기밸브 페이스 부의 경우 손상시 큰 성능저하를 초래하기 때문에 높은 기계적 특성이 요구된다. 하지만 기존의 배기밸브에 대한 리페어링 기술은 아크를 사용하여 페이스부를 육성 용접하는 것으로 높은 입열량으로 인해 희석 및 열영향부의 면적이 넓어지는 단점을 가지고 있다. 반면, 레이저 열원을 이용한 클래딩의 경우 첨가되는 이종 금속량을 제어할 수 있어 최소한의 희석으로 계면에서 용융 접합이 이루어져 모재가 부분 용해되어 혼합된 접합층을 형성하게 된다. 재료의 관점에서 볼 때 복합적인 특성을 지닌 재료를 얻을 수 있고, 기존의 타 열원에 비해 입열량이 적어 국부적으로 열처리가 가능하기 때문에 가공물의 변형발생을 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 비접촉식 공정으로 전극의 소모에 의한 불순물의 유입이 없고, 비교적 양호한 표면을 얻을 수 있으며, 자동화가 용이한 장점이 있다. 이러한 레이저 클래딩은 선박 산업의 배기밸브뿐만 아니라 발전 설비 분야의 터빈블레이드 및 기계 부품 등에 일부 실용화되고 있으며, 방위산업 및 항공 우주 산업 등에 실용화가 기대되고 있다. 하지만 현재 국내의 레이저를 이용한 클래딩 기술 수준은 초기 단계이며 수리를 위해 외국에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 국내 기술수요에 적극 대처하고 향후 첨단 산업 분야의 신기술 개발에 대비하기 위해 레이저 가공 기술을 확보하는 것이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 레이저 열원을 이용하여 실제 선박용 배기밸브 페이스부의 리페어링을 적용하기 위해 실험이 실시되었다. 최대출력 8.0 kW의 다이오드 레이저, 클래딩 광학헤드, 6축 로봇, 분말 공급장치 및 턴테이블 지그 등을 이용하여 레이저 클래딩을 진행하였다. 기초실험으로써 실제 선박용 50MC 배기밸브 소재인 내열강 SNCrW에 대해 W과 C의 함량이 다른 내열성, 내마모성 및 내식성이 우수한 Co계의 스텔라이트 6과 LC-190 분말을 이용하여 예열, 레이저 출력, 빔 이송속도 및 분말 공급량에 따른 원패스(one-pass) 클래딩을 실시하였다. 또한 분말 공급량, 중첩률 및 적층수를 변화시켜 멀티패스(multi-pass) 클래딩을 실시하였다. 이와 같이 다양한 변수에서 얻어진 클래드 층의 특성을 분석하여 최적의 조건을 도출하였으며, 선정된 조건을 배기밸브 페이스부에 적용하여 다양한 변수에서 클래딩을 실시하였다. 결과적으로 기공 및 균열과 같은 결함이 없고 기존의 공정법과 비교하여 우수한클래드 층을 얻을 수 있었다. | - |
dc.description.tableofcontents | List of Tables ······································································································· ⅲ List of Figures ····································································································· ⅳ Abstract ················································································································· ⅸ 1. 서론 1.1 연구 배경 및 목적 ··················································································· 1 1.2 연구 내용 ··································································································· 3 2. 이론적 배경 2.1 내열강의 종류 및 특성 ··········································································· 5 2.1.1 Fe계 초내열 합금 ·········································································· 5 2.1.2 Co계 초내열 합금 ·········································································· 8 2.1.3 Ni계 초내열 합금 ········································································· 11 2.2 레이저 클래딩 공정의 특성 ································································· 16 2.2.1 레이저 열원에 의한 클래딩 메커니즘 ····································· 16 2.2.2 클래딩 분말 용융의 분류 ··························································· 21 3. 실험 방법 3.1 실험 재료 및 장치 ················································································· 24 3.1.1 실험 재료 ······················································································· 24 3.1.2 실험 장치 ······················································································· 27 3.2 실험 및 분석 방법 ················································································· 29 3.2.1 실험 방법 ······················································································· 29 3.2.2 분석 방법 ······················································································· 33 4. 실험결과 및 고찰 4.1 Co계 분말에 따른 레이저 클래딩 비드 특성 ······························ 37 4.1.1 원패스 클래드 층 특성 ·························································· 37 4.1.2 멀티패스 클래드 층 특성 ······················································ 52 4.2 분말에 따른 클래드 층의 기계적 및 미세조직 특성 비교 ······ 63 4.2.1 원패스 클래드 층의 기계적 및 조직 특성 ······················ 63 4.2.2 멀티패스 클래드 층의 기계적 및 조직 특성 ···················· 77 4.2.3 클래드 층 특성에 대한 고찰 ················································ 99 4.3 선박엔진용 50MC 배기밸브 페이스부의 적용 ··························· 101 4.3.1 모사시험편에 대한 클래딩 적용 ········································ 101 4.3.2 예열 및 분말 공급량에 따른 영향 ···································· 106 4.3.3 배기밸브 페이스부의 기계적 및 조직 특성 분석 ·········· 112 4.3.4 성능 특성 평가 ········································································ 127 5. 결 론 ········································································································· 134 참고 문헌 ······································································································ 137 감사의 글 ······································································································ 141 | - |
dc.format.extent | 154 | - |
dc.language | kor | - |
dc.publisher | 한국해양대학교 대학원 | - |
dc.rights | 한국해양대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다. | - |
dc.title | Co계 합금 분말을 이용한 선박엔진용 배기밸브의 레이저 리페어링에 관한 연구 | - |
dc.type | Dissertation | - |
dc.date.awarded | 2018-02 | - |
dc.contributor.alternativeName | Park, Su Han | - |
dc.contributor.department | 대학원 기관공학과 | - |
dc.contributor.affiliation | 한국해양대학교 대학원 기관공학과 | - |
dc.description.degree | Master | - |
dc.subject.keyword | 레이저 클래딩, 분말 공급량 다이오드 레이저, 클래드 층, 배기밸브 페이스부 | - |
dc.title.translated | A Study on Laser Repairing of Exhaust Valve for Marine Engine with Co-based Alloy Powder | - |
dc.contributor.specialty | 기계융합·재료공학 | - |
dc.identifier.holdings | 000000001979▲200000000139▲200000012483▲ | - |
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