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석유회수증진 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성과 주입도에 대한 온도 영향 분석 연구

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dc.contributor.advisor 임종세 -
dc.contributor.author 강판상 -
dc.date.accessioned 2019-12-16T03:04:28Z -
dc.date.available 2019-12-16T03:04:28Z -
dc.date.issued 2019 -
dc.identifier.uri http://repository.kmou.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/11824 -
dc.identifier.uri http://kmou.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000178001 -
dc.description.abstract 폴리머 주입법은 점도가 높은 폴리머 용액을 저류층에 주입하여 유동도 비를 낮추고 접촉효율을 높이는 석유회수증진 기술 중 하나로 현장에 널리 적용되고 있다. 폴리머 주입법에서 주입 유체의 점도와 같은 유변학적 특성이 오일회수효율, 주입도 등에 큰 영향을 준다. 저류층과 같은 다공질 매체 내에서 점탄성 특성에 의해 shear thinning 특성, shear thickening 특성이 복합적으로 나타나는 석유회수증진 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성은 온도에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 주요 영향인자 중 하나인 온도가 석유회수증진 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 온도에 따른 유변학적 특성 변화가 폴리머 용액 주입도에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 이를 위해 석유회수증진 폴리머의 다양한 용액 조건(폴리머 농도, 염도)에서 온도에 따른 유변학적 특성을 측정하였다. 온도에 따른 shear thinning 특성을 rheometer를 이용해 측정하고 Carreau 모델, Martin 모델, Lee(2009) 경험식을 적용해 분석하였다. 이를 통해 shear thinning 특성인자를 도출하였고 온도와 대상 폴리머 용액의 shear thinning 특성 관계식을 제안하였다. 도출한 shear thinning 특성인자와 관계식을 적용해 shear thinning 거동을 추정하고 측정값과 비교한 결과 오차는 7.75%(AARD)였다. Shear thickening 특성에 대한 주요 유체 물성인 완화시간에 대한 온도 영향을 rheometer와 cross-over 모델을 이용해 측정하였고 WLF 모델, Kim(2010, 2017) 경험식을 적용하여 분석하였다. 다양한 폴리머 용액 조건에서 완화시간의 온도 영향 특성 인자를 도출하였고 이를 적용해 추정한 완화시간은 측정값과 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 코어유동 실험을 통해 온도에 따른 폴리머 용액의 shear thickening 특성 변화를 측정하였고 unified viscosity 모델을 적용해 분석하였다. 그 결과 온도가 낮으면 shear thickening에 의한 대상 폴리머 용액의 점도 상승 정도와 밀접한 관련이 있는 unified viscosity 모델 변수인 umax가 높아지고 점도 상승 기울기와 관련이 있는 n2가 커지는 공통적인 결과를 얻었다. 또한, 온도에 따라 코어 전단부에서 추가적인 압력 손실이 발생하는 entrance pressure drop 현상이 발생하는 것을 발견하였고 이로 인해 폴리머 물리적 분해가 발생하였다. Entrance pressure drop 발생 정도는 대상 다공질 매체 내 용액의 shear thickening 특성을 나타내는 Deborah number와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것을 파악하였다. 실험으로 측정, 분석한 폴리머 용액의 shear thinning, shear thickening 특성을 현장 조건을 반영한 저류층 시뮬레이션에 적용한 결과 주입도는 온도에 따른 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성 변화에 의해 34.3%, entrance pressure drop에 의해 4.1% 감소하였다. 오일 누적 생산량은 온도에 따른 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성 변화에 의해 52.5%, entrance pressure drop에 의해 5.2% 감소하였다. 이 연구에서 제시한 실험과 분석방법을 적용한다면 온도에 따른 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성이 폴리머 주입법 성능에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있다. 또한, 저류층에 도달한 폴리머 용액 온도가 저류층 온도와 같도록 제어하여 폴리머 용액 주입도 감소 문제를 해결할 수 있는 단열법 또는 가열법 적용성 검토에 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.|Polymer flood which is he injection of viscous polymer solution into reservoir, is one of commercial technology for enhanced oil recovery by decreasing mobility ratio and increasing sweep efficiency. Rheological characteristics of injected polymer solution is primary influential factor on performance (injectivity and oil recovery) of polymer flood. The behavior of polymer solution in the reservoir shows complex rheological characteristics (shear thinning and shear thickening) by its viscoelasticity. In this research, temperature effect on rheological characteristics of polymer solution and was experimentally measured and analyzed in various solution conditions (polymer concentration and salinity). The effect of rheological characteristics of polymer solution depending on temperature on injectivity was analyzed using reservoir simulation. For shear thinning characteristics, it was experimentally measured using rheometer and analyzed using Carreau model, Martin model and Lee (2009) correlation. Model parameters and new correlation explaining the relationship between temperature and shear thinning characteristics were suggested. The error between measured values and estimated values for shear thinning characteristics was 7.75%(AARD). Relaxation time is one of primary properties of fluid for quantifying shear thickening characteristics. Relaxation time depending on temperature was measured using rheometer with cross-over model and analyzed using WLF model and Kim (2010, 2017) correlation. Model parameters explaining the relationship between temperature and relaxation time were suggested. Estimated relaxation time matched well with measured relaxation time. Shear thickening characteristics depending on temperature was measured using core flood and analyzed using unified viscosity model. As a result, umax and n2 of unified viscosity model increased with decreasing temperature. The occurrence of entrance pressure drop at core inlet depending on temperature was found. After occurrence of entrance pressure drop, mechanical degradation of injected polymer solution occurred. Degree of entrance pressure drop and Deborah number which is one of primary influential factors on shear thickening characteristics in porous media was closely related each other. The findings of rheological characteristics of polymer solutions were applied to reservoir simulation. As a result, injectivity of polymer was decreased by 34.3% due to temperature effect on rheological characteristics and by 4.1% due to entrance pressure drop. Cumulative oil production was decreased by 52.5% due to temperature effect on rheological characteristics and by 5.2% due to entrance pressure drop. The experimental and analysis methods in this research can be applied to investigation of effect of rheological characteristics of polymer solution depending on temperature on performance of polymer flood. Furthermore, the results by these experimental and analysis methods can be applied to feasibility analysis of insulation or heating method for solving issue of injectivity loss of polymer flood. -
dc.description.tableofcontents 목 차 List of Tables ······································································································· ⅳ List of Figures ····································································································· ⅵ Abstract ·············································································································ⅹ ⅶ 제 1 장 서 론 ···································································································· 1 제 2 장 석유회수증진 폴리머 용액 특성 ···················································· 10 2.1 연구대상 폴리머 ······················································································· 10 2.2 폴리머 용액 유변학적 특성 ··································································· 11 2.3 폴리머 주입법 문제점 ············································································· 20 2.3.1 폴리머 분해 ··························································································· 20 2.3.2 폴리머 정체 ··························································································· 21 2.3.3 낮은 주입도 ··························································································· 24 제 3 장 Shear thinning 거동에 대한 온도 영향 분석 ······························ 25 3.1 연구사례 ····································································································· 25 3.2 실험 조건 및 방법 ··················································································· 32 3.2.1 폴리머 용액 조건 ·················································································· 32 3.2.2 폴리머 용액 제조 ·················································································· 34 3.2.3 폴리머 용액 여과도 측정 ······································································ 35 3.2.4 폴리머 용액 shear viscosity 측정 ························································ 40 3.3 측정 결과 및 분석 ··················································································· 42 제 4 장 완화시간에 대한 온도 영향 분석 ·················································· 53 4.1 연구사례 ····································································································· 53 4.2 실험 조건 및 방법 ··················································································· 62 4.3 측정 결과 및 분석 ··················································································· 63 제 5 장 다공질 매체 내 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성에 대한 온도 영향 분석 ····································································································· 73 5.1 실험 조건 및 방법 ··················································································· 73 5.2 Unified Viscosity Model ··········································································· 81 5.3 겉보기 점도 측정 결과 및 분석 ··························································· 84 5.4 Shear Thickening 특성 인자의 온도 영향 분석 ······························ 113 5.5 EPD 영향 요소 분석 ·············································································· 114 5.6 EPD와 물리적 분해 연관성 분석 ························································ 117 5.7 폴리머 용액 유변학적 특성에 대한 물리적 분해 영향 분석 ······· 121 5.7.1 shear thinning ······················································································ 121 5.7.2 완화시간 ······························································································· 122 5.7.3 겉보기 점도 ························································································· 124 제 6 장 저류층 조건에서 폴리머 주입법 성능 대한 온도 영향 분석 128 6.1 연구방법 ··································································································· 128 6.1.1 물 점도의 온도 영향 ··········································································· 133 6.1.2 폴리머 용액 겉보기 점도의 전단율 영향 ·········································· 134 6.1.3 폴리머 용액 겉보기 점도의 온도 영향 ·············································· 134 6.1.4 EPD와 폴리머 물리적 분해 영향 ······················································· 136 6.2 시뮬레이션 결과 및 분석 ····································································· 144 6.3 현장 적용에 관한 고찰 ········································································· 153 제 7 장 결 론 ·································································································· 157 참고문헌 ·············································································································· 160 부록 A: 여과도 시험 측정 자료 ···································································· 177 부록 B: shear viscosity 측정 및 추정 자료 ················································ 187 부록 C: 진동 물성 시험 측정 자료 ······························································ 198 감사의 글 ············································································································ 209 -
dc.format.extent 232 -
dc.language kor -
dc.publisher 한국해양대학교 대학원 -
dc.rights 한국해양대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다. -
dc.title 석유회수증진 폴리머 용액의 유변학적 특성과 주입도에 대한 온도 영향 분석 연구 -
dc.type Dissertation -
dc.date.awarded 2019-02 -
dc.contributor.alternativeName Pan-Sang Kang -
dc.contributor.department 대학원 해양에너지자원공학과 -
dc.contributor.affiliation 한국해양대학교 -
dc.description.degree Doctor -
dc.subject.keyword 석유회수증진, 온도, 폴리머 용액, 점도, 점탄성, Enhanced Oil Recovery; Temperature; Polymer Solution; Viscosity; Viscoelasticity -
dc.title.translated Analysis of Temperature Effect on Rheological Characteristics and Injectivity of Polymer Solution for Enhanced Oil Recovery -
dc.identifier.holdings 000000001979▲200000001028▲200000178001▲ -
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