한일간 국제근해운송 비용경쟁력 분석

Abstract

With the rapid growth of international trade, international logistics has become a significant economic activity today. Under these circumstances, companies are continually striving to improve logistics processes, reduce logistics costs, and maximize the efficiency of the supply chain to achieve better performance. In the development of international logistics, maritime transport has always been the most critical mode of transportation and a vital component of the supply chain. To enhance maritime transportation efficiency and realize more smooth international multimodal transportation, container transportation system appeared in the 1950s and Ro-Ro transportation through container was gradually getting popular. Recently, European and North American advanced countries are actively fostering international short sea shipping to reduce environmental pollution and congestion caused by road transportation and to improve the efficiency of the transportation network in the region. The Ro-Ro ship is attracting attention as a significant transportation means for short sea shipping due to its advantages of quick and convenient loading and unloading system.

Northeast Asia is geographically suitable for fostering short sea shipping and economic cooperation among countries in the region is actively underway. However, the market share of Ro-Ro transportation is abysmal compared to traditional Lo-Lo transportation. States in this area are also attempting various cooperation to improve international logistics efficiency. Among them, Korea and Japan are supporting the development of a seamless logistics process by encouraging the companies of both countries with the government-led initiative. A representative example is the double number trailer pilot project based on Ro-Ro transportation which started from 2013. Therefore, it is necessary to have an accurate understanding of the competitiveness of Ro-Ro and Lo-Lo in Northeast Asia's short sea shipping market. For this purpose, this study builds a model to estimate the total logistics cost of two transportation means. And analyze the cost competitiveness of Lo-Lo and Ro-Ro in general situations. Also, the model is applied to estimate the total logistics cost of the double number trailer demonstration project and suggest the growth potential of Ro-Ro transportation method.

The total logistics costs of Lo-Lo and Ro-Ro were calculated by selecting Busan-Hakata, Busan-Shimonoseki and Busan-Osaka routes and applying the same conditions. As a result, the cost competitiveness of Lo-Lo is higher than Ro-Ro on most routes, and Ro-Ro is competitive only for high-value cargo transportation. However, as a result of the total logistics costs of the double number pilot project, Ro-Ro reduced total logistics costs by about $435 per FEU compared to Lo-Lo by reducing freight packaging costs. Also, Ro-Ro transport achieved seamless supply chain, which significantly decreased lead time. Future research needs to extend the scope of the study to include other countries in Northeast Asia such as China. Also, it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the analysis results by applying more variables to affect total logistics cost. Finally, it is essential to change the perception of competitiveness in Ro-Ro transportation. Ro-Ro systems should be regarded as the core of a more sustainable short sea shipping supply chain that integrates maritime transport and port-handling operations, and more in-depth research is needed.