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A Study on Architectural Planning of Submerged Floating Underwater Habitat Complex as a Sustainable Living Space
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | Lee, Han Seok | - |
| dc.contributor.author | 박상욱 | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-06-23T08:57:43Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2022-06-23T08:57:43Z | - |
| dc.date.created | 20220308093444 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.kmou.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/12843 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://kmou.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000603147 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | This underwater architectural planning is a conceptual and multidisciplinary approach to display various technological, industrial and legislative environments that are most relevant for making a submerged living space come true, and rearrange them in consideration and initial analyses on planning submerged oceanic spatial utilization over the continental shelf of Korean peninsula for permanent human occupancy. And as the result of search for most realistic and sustainable oceanic facility on the continental shelf of Korea Strait (Namhae), a specific architectural plan of submerged floating habitat modules within a P2G hydrogen power plant (SBHPP) at the nominee site of South Brother point, near South Brother Island, Busan across the range of installation water depth between 37 and 86 meters is presented. While the demand on coastal living spaces have been high ever since, urban waterfronts have evolved as one of the most-highly populated or utilized areas among world cities. Such expansion of oceanic spatial utilization includes human residences of fixed and floating types and both permanent on-the-water-surface and temporary under-the-water-surface living space. The main objective of the current planning however, is of a permanent and submerged-floating habitat complex of 1000 cubic meters and a semi-mobile habitat module of 500 cubic meters, which connects the complex and the water surface, inside the perimeter of 100MW hydrogen power plant equipped with six units of submerged floating gas storages and electrolyser compartments, and two units of electrical substations connected to land electric grids. For the planning of SBHPP, design requirements of both the autonomy and the sustainability of the system are taken into consideration to develop an autonomous and permanently stationary oceanic facility that acknowledges climate neutrality. The full relevance of the SBHPP’s systemic locality and lifecycle-assessed self-sustainability has integrated into the planning by being connected to the land electric power grids and the logistic routes for resources from Busan and Geoje. As a very early research attempt on planning a submerged habitat for permanent occupancy, the limits of current research are apparent without design and fabrication standards, regulatory guidelines, or objective means for evaluating the performance developed models. To bring about a future of reliable underwater architecture for permanent human occupancy, the study concludes that the modeled living space system of SBHPP should be required to be aware of climate neutrality in both architecture and utilization methodology. | - |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 3 1.1.1 Evolutionary path of human residence into submerged oceanic space 3 1.1.2 Technological innovation of conventional on-land residences with offshore residence development 5 1.1.3 Post COVID-19 architectural necessity of residential facility design innovation 7 1.1.4 Underwater Habitats and P2G hydrogen power plant 8 1.2 Methodology 8 1.3 Objectives 10 2. The Concept of Underwater Residence 12 2.1 Underwater Habitat 12 2.1.1 Shoreside submerged spaces 14 2.1.1.1 Primary requirements of underwater observatory within nearshore range 14 2.1.1.2 Israeli Underwater Restaurant, “Red Sea Star”, Eilat Israel 15 2.1.1.3 Advanced requirements to improve the performance of shoreside submerged residence 17 2.1.2 Offshore submerged spaces 18 2.1.2.1 Requirements of primitively autonomous gravity-fixed underwater habitat 19 2.1.2.2 Gravity-fixed habitat, “Aquarius Underwater Laboratory”, Florida USA 21 2.1.2.3 Advanced requirements for offshore autonomous gravity-fixed habitat 22 2.1.3 Submersible residence 28 2.1.4 Submerged floating habitats 30 2.1.4.1 Primary requirements for submerged floating habitat system 30 2.1.4.2 Advanced requirements for a submerged floating habitat with enhanced seabed utilization 33 2.1.4.3 Floating City “Ocean Spiral” Plan by SHIMIZU Corporation (淸水建設), Japan 43 2.1.4.4 Drifting Laboratory “SeaOrbiter” by Jacques Rougerie of France 46 2.1.4.5 Autonomous underwater residence 48 2.1.4.5.1 Primary requirements of an autonomous underwater habitat 49 2.1.4.5.2 Advanced requirements of an autonomous submerged habitat 51 2.2 Operating pressure of underwater habitats 55 2.2.1 Indoor atmospheric pressure set to sea level pressure 56 2.2.1.1 By air duct 56 2.2.1.2 By high-pressure air storage and regulated 1 ATA air supply 57 2.2.2 Indoor atmospheric pressure set to ambient installation-depth pressure 58 2.2.2.1 Air supply to submerged living spaces 58 2.2.2.2 Breathing gas mixture supply to living spaces in deep water 60 2.2.3 Safe decompression 62 2.2.4 Autonomous underwater habitat and its functionality integration 64 2.3 Operating depth of underwater habitats 65 2.3.1 Shallow Sea (0 to 50 meter) 66 2.3.1.1 Nearshore shoaling and protection of wave impact 66 2.3.1.2 Fixed benthic and autonomous 68 2.3.2 On continental shelf offshore (50 to 200 meter) 69 2.3.2.1 Submerged floating habitat at wave protected depth 70 2.3.2.2 Benthic habitat complex 73 2.3.3 On deep pelagic space (200 to 1,000 meter) 75 2.3.3.1 Benthic facility 76 2.3.3.2 Pelagic facility 79 3. Authorities Having Jurisdiction and Regulatory Trends of ocean space development 82 3.1 Laws and Regulations 83 3.1.1 Domestic statutory and regulatory trend in Korea 83 3.1.1.1 ⌜Act on the Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf⌟ 83 3.1.1.2 ⌜Public Waters Management and Reclamation Act⌟ 84 3.1.1.3 ⌜Marine Environment Management Act⌟ 85 3.1.1.4 ⌜Act on Marine Spatial Planning and Management⌟ 94 3.1.1.5 ⌜Marine Science and Technology Promotion Act⌟ 96 3.1.1.6 Special Exceptions to Floating Buildings of ⌜Building Act⌟ 99 3.1.2 International statutory and regulatory trend 100 3.1.2.1 United Nations 100 3.1.2.1.1 ⌜United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea⌟ (UNCLOS) 100 3.1.2.1.2 International Seabed Authority (ISA) 101 3.1.2.1.3 Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources 103 3.1.2.2 United States 103 3.1.2.2.1 ⌜Submerged Lands Act and Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act⌟ 104 3.1.2.2.2 ⌜Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953⌟ 104 3.1.2.2.3 ⌜Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982⌟ 104 3.1.2.2.4 ⌜Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1996⌟ 104 3.1.2.2.5 ⌜Energy Policy Act of 2005⌟ 104 3.1.2.2.6 Deep Horizon Oil Spill Accident 2010 105 3.1.2.2.7 Secretarial Order 2010 and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 105 3.1.2.2.8 ⌜NOAA Undersea Research Program Act of 2009⌟ 106 3.1.2.3 United Kingdom 106 3.1.2.3.1 ⌜Petroleum Act 1998⌟ 106 3.1.2.3.2 ⌜Energy Act 2008⌟ 107 3.1.2.3.3 ⌜Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009⌟ 107 3.1.2.3.4 ⌜The Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration, Production, Unloading and Storage (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2020⌟ 107 3.1.2.3.5 Recommendation by the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee 108 3.1.2.4 European Union 109 3.1.2.4.1 European Union Offshore Oil and Gas Authorities Group (EUOAG) of European Commission 109 3.1.2.4.2 ⌜Regulation (EU) 2021/695 Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 28 April 2021⌟ 109 3.1.2.5 Norway 110 3.1.2.5.1 ⌜Act 29 November 1996 No. 72 relating to petroleum activities⌟ 110 3.1.2.5.2 ⌜Regulations relating to exploitation if subsea reservoirs on the continental shelf for storage of CO2 and relating to transportation of CO2 on the continental shelf⌟ 111 3.1.2.5.3 ⌜Act of 17 June 2005 No 79 Relating to Aquaculture (Aquaculture Act) ⌟ and ⌜Act of 27 June 2008 No 71 Relating to Planning and the Processing of Building Applications (Planning and Building Act) ⌟ 113 3.1.2.6 Japan 114 3.1.2.6.1 ⌜Basic Act on Ocean Policy⌟ 114 3.1.2.6.2 ⌜Building Standard Law⌟ (as of August 1st, 2015) 115 3.1.2.6.3 ⌜Marine Building Safety Evaluation Guidelines⌟ of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 116 3.1.2.7 Australia 117 3.1.2.7.1 ⌜Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973⌟ 117 3.1.2.7.2 ⌜Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act of 2006⌟ 118 3.1.2.7.3 ⌜Offshore Mineral Act 1994⌟ 118 3.1.2.7.4 ⌜Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000⌟ 119 3.2 Technical and Safety Standards 120 3.2.1 Domestic Technological Society and Standards 121 3.2.1.1 Korean Register (KR) 121 3.2.1.2 Korean Design Standard KDS 41 70 02: 2016 Floating Structure 122 3.2.2 International Classification Society 122 3.2.2.1 American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) 122 3.2.2.2 Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 125 3.2.2.3 Bureau Veritas (BV) 127 3.2.3 Other Technological Societies and Safety Standards 129 3.2.3.1 ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) 129 3.2.3.2 SUBSAFE (Submarine Safety Program of the United States Navy) 130 3.2.3.3 NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 131 3.2.3.4 OrcaFlex by Orcina 2019 131 4. Planning of Floating Underwater Habitat Complex for 100MW Hydrogen Power Storage Applicable on Continental Shelf 132 4.1 Design Basis 133 4.1.1 Planning goals and new trend 134 4.1.1.1 Definitions and Main Design Principles 134 4.1.1.2 Environmental Conditions and Operational Limits 136 4.1.2 Autonomous oceanic space as permanent residency 137 4.1.2.1 Structural stability 137 4.1.2.1.1 Meteorological-Oceanographic environment of sites 137 4.1.2.1.2 Stability design 151 4.1.2.2 Resource sufficiency 162 4.1.2.2.1 Electric resource 162 4.1.2.2.2 Resources for environmental regeneration (atmosphere, pressure, temperature, navigation visual aid (outdoor), noise) 166 4.1.2.2.3 Resources for life support (food, hygiene, lighting (indoor), privacy space) 175 4.1.2.2.4 Resources for social life and work environment (transit, public spaces, social connection) 176 4.1.3 Sustainable facility and sustainable life practice 178 4.1.3.1 Objectivity of climate neutrality 179 4.1.3.2 Sustainable living system 180 4.1.3.3 Sustainable life practice 185 4.1.4 Safe living system design 190 4.1.4.1 Indoor atmosphere pressure safety 190 4.1.4.2 Operational safety 191 4.1.4.3 Wet boundary and wet floor safety 192 4.1.4.4 Noise management 192 4.1.4.5 Fire/explosion prevention 192 4.2 Plan 195 4.2.1 General 195 4.2.1.1 Arrangement of modules and systematic organization 196 4.2.1.1.1 Energy source 199 4.2.1.1.2 Electric substation 199 4.2.1.1.3 Energy storage method 200 4.2.1.1.4 Storage pressure 201 4.2.1.1.5 Electrolyser/fuel cell 202 4.2.1.1.6 Habitat complex 203 4.2.1.1.7 Land support base 204 4.2.1.1.8 Control/communication 204 4.2.1.2 Living space system 205 4.2.1.2.1 Habitat complex 205 4.2.1.2.2 Transit module 208 4.2.1.3 Gas storage and power generation module 210 4.2.1.3.1 Commute methodology 210 4.2.1.3.2 Work environment 211 4.2.1.3.3 Indoor life support system 211 4.2.1.4 Auxiliary modules 211 4.2.1.4.1 Electrical substation 212 4.2.1.4.2 Repair habitat module 212 4.2.2 Structural plan 212 4.2.2.1 Habitat complex and Transit module 213 4.2.2.1.1 Hull structure 213 4.2.2.1.2 Mooring 216 4.2.2.2 Gas storage and power generation module 217 4.2.2.2.1 Hull structure 218 4.2.2.2.2 Mooring 220 4.2.3 Safety plan 221 4.2.3.1 Living module 222 4.2.3.1.1 Pressure safety 222 4.2.3.1.2 Breathing gas quality safety 223 4.2.3.1.3 Life support system safety 224 4.2.3.1.4 Decompression safety 224 4.2.3.1.5 Fire safety 225 4.2.3.1.6 Emergency evacuation safety 226 4.2.3.2 Gas storage and power generation module 226 4.2.3.2.1 Commute safety 226 4.2.3.2.2 Fire safety 227 4.2.3.3 Auxiliary modules 227 4.2.3.3.1 Operational safety 227 4.2.3.4 Other safety issues 229 4.2.4 Installation and management plan 229 4.2.4.1 Fabrication 229 4.2.4.2 Load out 230 4.2.4.3 Transportation 230 4.2.4.4 Installation 231 4.2.5 Operational Plan 232 4.2.5.1 Floor plan 232 4.2.5.1.1 Off-duty activities 232 4.2.5.1.2 On-duty activities 233 4.2.5.2 Vertical transit 234 4.2.5.2.1 Transit to submerged duty 234 4.2.5.2.2 Transit to land base 235 4.2.5.3 Excursion 235 4.2.5.3.1 On-duty excursion 235 4.2.5.3.2 Off-duty excursion 236 5. Assessment 237 5.1 Stability Assessment 237 5.1.1 Hydrodynamic mooring stability of Habitat complex and Transit module 237 5.1.1.1 Numerical model 238 5.1.1.2 Numerical method 239 5.1.1.3 Load cases 240 5.1.1.4 Results 241 5.1.1.5 Conclusion 243 5.2 Safety 243 5.2.1 Safety Risk Assessment 243 5.2.1.1 Indoor living and work spaces (at Habitat complex and Transit module) 244 5.2.1.1.1 Atmospheric pressure 244 5.2.1.1.2 Atmospheric quality (partial pressure) 246 5.2.1.1.3 Decompression 248 5.2.1.1.4 Fire/explosion 250 5.2.1.2 Other work spaces (at work modules) 251 5.2.1.2.1 Excursion safety 251 5.2.1.2.2 General occupational safety issues 252 5.2.2 Safety manual 253 5.2.2.1 On-duty safety manual 253 5.2.2.1.1 Permit system 253 5.2.2.1.2 Safety conduct at duty 253 5.2.2.2 Off-duty safety manual 254 5.2.2.2.1 Permit system 254 5.2.2.2.2 Safety conduct at off-duty 254 5.2.2.3 Outdoor safety manual 255 5.2.2.3.1 Excursion safety 255 5.2.2.3.2 Transit safety: Departing from the SBHPP 256 5.2.2.3.3 Transit safety: Arriving to the SBHPP 256 5.2.3 Evacuation manual 257 5.2.3.1 Controlled evacuation: Medical evacuation 257 5.2.3.2 Uncontrolled evacuation 258 5.3 Sustainability 258 5.3.1 Sustainability index 258 5.3.1.1 Development stages 260 5.3.1.1.1 Design stage 260 5.3.1.1.2 Fabrication stage 261 5.3.1.1.3 Installation stage 262 5.3.1.2 Operation stage 262 5.3.2 Sustainable life manual 263 5.3.2.1 Off-duty 263 5.3.2.1.1 Dining 263 5.3.2.1.2 Sleeping 264 5.3.2.1.3 Hygiene 265 5.3.2.1.4 Socializing 265 5.3.2.1.5 Workout 265 5.3.2.1.6 Excursion 266 5.3.2.2 On-duty 266 5.3.2.2.1 Indoor duty 266 5.3.2.2.2 Outdoor duty 266 6. Conclusion 267 6.1 Submerged living space design 267 6.2 Climate-neutral underwater human settlement 268 6.3 Limitations of the study 269 7. References 271 8. Glossary of Terms 283 | - |
| dc.language | eng | - |
| dc.publisher | Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Graduate School | - |
| dc.rights | 한국해양대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다. | - |
| dc.title | A Study on Architectural Planning of Submerged Floating Underwater Habitat Complex as a Sustainable Living Space | - |
| dc.type | Dissertation | - |
| dc.date.awarded | 2022. 2 | - |
| dc.embargo.liftdate | 2022-03-08 | - |
| dc.contributor.department | 대학원 해양건축공학과 | - |
| dc.description.degree | Doctor | - |
| dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation | [1]박상욱, “A Study on Architectural Planning of Submerged Floating Underwater Habitat Complex as a Sustainable Living Space,” Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Graduate School, 2022. | - |
| dc.identifier.holdings | 000000001979▲200000002763▲200000603147▲ | - |
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