리스크기반 낚시어선 안전관리시스템 개발에 관한 연구

Abstract

With the establishment of the five-day workweek system and the leisure culture, the activity area for the public to experience the aesthetic value perception is gradually expanding from land to sea. Increasing public interest in the sea and changing perceptions are expressed as an increase in the marine leisure population. The population of marine fishing reaches about 7 million every year and is gradually increasing. The fishing population on fishing vessels has reached more than 4 million annually and is on the rise. The system of fishing vessel business was introduced in 1995 to solve economic difficulties caused by changes in the marine environment caused by global warming and a decrease in the catch of small coastal fishermen due to depletion of fish resources. The increase in the marine fishing population led to the emergence of recreational fishing vessels (hereinafter referred to as "fishing vessels"), and the scope of the fishing area has been extended to the outskirts of the territorial waters. The diversification of caught fish species and methods has led to the expansion of types of fishing vessels such as onboard fishing vessels, lagoon fishing vessels (fishing vessels with rocks on the seashore) and hairtail fishing vessels. Many fishing passengers died or went missing from the overturning accident of the F/V Dolphin in the waters of Chuja Island in 2015, the collision of the F/V Sunchang No. 1 that occurred off the coast of Yeongheung-do, Incheon in 2017, and the collision occurred between the F/V Mujeok and the cargo ship Coeta in 2019. In order to prevent fishing vessel accidents, various safety policies have been established and implemented by various safety management agencies such as the central and local governments, but accidents have not decreased and continue to occur. As the sea fishing population increases, more and more people are looking forward to safe and comfortable fishing activities anytime, anywhere, away from the risk of fishing vessel accidents. Fishing vessel accidents are occurring due to various causes such as the absence of a safety management system and captain's safety sensitivity, and the scale of casualties is very high compared to other ship types of accidents. Fishing vessels have deviated from the initial purpose of the system and established themselves as a marine service field for entire nation, and are differentiated from fishing-oriented fishing vessels such as installing safety equipment, fishing types, and boarding of fishing passengers. Recreational fishing vessels have evolved from general commercial fishing vessels, and the safety management systems of recreational fishing vessels are mixed with the safety management systems of commercial fishing vessels, such as tonnage restrictions, fishing areas, seaman's license, education and training, safety inspection, control of vessels’ operation, etc. Since the fishing vessels carry up to 20 fishing passengers andoperate to the sea close to the outskirts of the territorial sea regardless of day or night, the necessity of establishing a higher level safety management system than that of passenger ships, cruise ships, and pilot ships for fishing and fishing vessels is being raised. In order to develop a fishing vessels’ safety management system, first, a survey and analysis were conducted on the safety management status carried out by fishing vessel operators and captains at the site. Through the analysis of the current status of fishing vessels, the concept of fishing vessel business, fishing areas, and distribution status of fishing vessels were investigated. In order to analyze the safety management status, the safety management of private sectors of fishing vessel business and the safety management of public sectors including coast guard and Natinal Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives were investigated and analyzed in terms of education, regulation, and technology. Accident statistics of safety management agencies were analyzed to analyze fishing vessel accidents, and the causes of the accidents were analyzed based on the written decision of marine accidents (marine investigation report) of the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal to analyze the cases of accidents. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were analyzed using SWOT analysis used in management strategy analysis. Questionnaire risk analysis, statistical risk analysis, and risk matrix evaluation were conducted to analyze and evaluate the risk of fishing vessels. The survey risk analysis of fishing vessels evaluated the safety behavior of fishing vessels by the coast guard officers, maritime traffic controllers, captains of passenger ships, and the managers of passenger ship safe operation from the Korea Maritime Transportation Safety Authority. As a result of the evaluation, the higher the work experience and the higher the grade of holding the certificates of competency, the lower the safety behavior of the fishing vessels’ captain. The evaluation scores were generally low, and the managers of passenger ship safe operation gave the lowest score among the evaluators, regardless of the their job type. In order to find out the reason for the low rating of the safety behavior of the fishing vessels captains, a qualitative study was conducted by composing a questionnaire based on safety behavior evaluation. For statistical risk analysis of fishing vessels, risk analysis was conducted on the 71 the written decisions of marine accidents (marine investigation reports) on fishing vessels’ collision accident adjudication issued by the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed using statistical analysis techniques. For the risk matrix design and evaluation, the evaluation was performed in terms of risk factors, traffic conditions, operator conditions, natural environmental conditions. A risk-based safety management system of fishing vessels was designed based on risk factors derived through the analysis of the safety management survey and of the accident risks assessment. The basic principles of the design of the fishing vessels safety management system consisted of the accident cause-based principle, accident prevention principle, accident site response principle, and integrated management and harmony principle. The composition of the fishing vessels’ safety management system consisted of an accident prevention system, an preparation system not for accidents, an accident response system, and an accident recovery system. The design of the fishing vessels safety management system consists of a distributed and integrated safety management system, an accident prevention safety management system, an preparation safety management system not for accidents, an accident response safety management system, and an accident recovery safety management system. In the integrated safety management system, a fishing vessel safety management manager system with expertise was introduced for the safety management of fishing vessels, and it was composed of tasks, appointment, arrangement, guidance and management. In order to conserve marine and fishery resources, a fishing license and permit system were introduced. Education and training courses for safety, emergency response, and risk prediction were introduced to improve and strengthen the capabilities of fishing vessel personnel and accident response skills. Application and evaluation were conducted on the risk-based safety management system developed for fishing vessels. The application and evaluation were conducted for collision, stranded, and overturning accidents with fishing vessels and fishing vessels, commercial fishing vessels, water leisure boats, cargo ships, and unregistered ships using the written decisions of marine accidents (marine investigation reports) issued by the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal. The risk-based safety management system of fishing vessels and the safety management system of foreign fishing vessels were compared and evaluated. Fishing vessels have been expanded and established from a means to create economic benefits for small fishermen to a means of marine life and leisure activities for the entire nation. The increase in the number of passengers on fishing vessel means that the public's perception that marine activities are feared, dangerous, and unsafe is changing. Prevention of accidents on fishing vessels can act as a means of providing people with a psychological and experiential space where they can safely and comfortably enjoy marine leisure activities in the sea away from the risk of accidents. A risk-based safety management system of fishing vessels was developed to ensure that all people, including fishing vessel operators, captains, and fishing passengers, can safely enjoy fishing in the sea.