한국해양대학교

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Inclusion effects of jack mackerel meal in diets containing different protein sources for rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

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dc.contributor.advisor 조성환 -
dc.contributor.author 김준 -
dc.date.accessioned 2024-01-03T17:28:38Z -
dc.date.available 2024-01-03T17:28:39Z -
dc.date.created 2023-03-03 -
dc.date.issued 2023 -
dc.identifier.uri http://repository.kmou.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/13128 -
dc.identifier.uri http://kmou.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000671141 -
dc.description.abstract 조피볼락은 한국, 일본과 중국 등의 동아시아에서 상업적으로 중요한 해산 양식 어종 중 하나이다. 국내 조피볼락 양식에서 배합사료보다 생사료를 공급한 어류의 성장과 사료섭취량이 높다는 인식으로 인해 배합사료보다 생사료의 공급을 더 선호하고 있는 실정이다. 배합사료에 비해 생사료의 사료섭취량이 높은 것은 생사료내 함유되어 있는 먹이유인물질이나 먹이섭취촉진물이 배합사료에 비하여 다량 함유되어 있는 원인에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 양어용 배합사료 제조시 먹이유인물질 또는 먹이섭취촉진물을 다량으로 함유한 사료원료를 적용하여 어류의 생산성(성장, 사료섭취량과 사료이용성)을 향상시킬 수 있는 실용적인 기술 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조피볼락에서 먹이유인도가 우수한 것으로 알려진 전갱이분(JMM)을 배합사료내 첨가하여 조피볼락용 배합사료내 JMM의 적정 함량을 평가하였다. 또한 저어분 배합사료 개발을 위하여 어분 대체함량을 달리한 다양한 동물성 부산물(계육분, 육분, 참치부산물분)과 식물성 단백질원(콘글루텐, 농축대두박, 농축옥수수)으로 대체시 배합사료내 먹이섭취촉진물로서 JMM의 첨가가 조피볼락의 성장, 사료 이용성, 체조성, 혈액성상 및 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 효과를 평가하였다. 1. 배합사료내 먹이섭취촉진물인 전갱이분(Trachurus japonicus)의 첨가에 따른 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)의 성장, 사료 이용성, 체조성 및 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 영향 전갱이분(JMM)은 조피볼락에게 강한 유인도를 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 배합사료내 먹이섭취촉진물로서 JMM의 첨가가 조피볼락의 성장, 사료 이용성, 체조성 및 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하였다. 대조구(Con) 사료내 55% 어분이 함유되었으며, Con 사료내 어분 대신 JMM을 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 및 100% 첨가한 JMM1, JMM3, JMM5, JMM10, JMM20, JMM40, JMM60 및 JMM100 사료를 각각 제조 하였다. 총 810마리의 조피볼락 치어를 무작위로 선별하여 27개의 50 L 유수식 수조에 30마리씩 수용하였으며 실험구는 3반복구를 두었다. 모든 실험어는 8주간 매일 1일 2회 손으로 만복시까지 사료를 공급하여 주었다. 8주간의 실험 종료시, JMM40 사료를 공급한 어류의 어체중 증가는 Con, JMM1, JMM3, JMM5, JMM10 및 JMM20 사료를 공급한 실험구보다 유의적으로(P < 0.0001) 높았다. JMM40 사료 공급구의 사료 섭취량은 Con, JMM1, JMM3, JMM5 실험사료 공급구보다 유의적으로(P < 0.02) 높게 나타났다. 배합사료내 JMM의 첨가는 사료 이용성, 체조성 및 비특이적 면역반응에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 고려할 때 배합사료내 40%까지 JMM 첨가시 조피볼락의 어체중 증가, 일일성장률 및 사료섭취량이 향상되었으며 조피볼락 사료내 JMM의 적정 첨가 수준은 어체중증가, 일일성장률과 사료섭취량의 회귀 분석에 결과에 따라 각각 39.7, 39.4 및 40.3%으로 판단된다. 2. 배합사료내 어분함량을 달리한 다양한 동물성 단백질 대체원의 어분 대체시 먹이섭취촉진물(전갱이분)의 첨가에 따른 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)의 성장, 사료 이용성, 체조성, 아미노산과 지방산 조성 및 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 영향 동물성 단백질원은 해산어 사료내 효과적인 어분대체원으로 알려져 있지만, 어분대체 가능성은 기호성과 아미노산의 결핍으로 인해 제한될 수 있다. 전갱이분(JMM)은 여러 어종에서 효과적인 먹이섭취촉진물로 알려져 있으며 이러한 먹이섭취촉진물이 첨가된 어류 사료내에서 동물성 단백질원의 어분 대체 가능성은 향상될 수 있다. 본 연구는 조피볼락용 배합사료내 어분을 동물성 단백질 공급원으로 대체시 먹이유인물로써 JMM을 첨가하는 것이 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)의 성장, 사료 섭취량, 사료 이용성, 체조성, 혈액성상 및 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. Two-way [JMM(미첨가 및 첨가) × 대체율(25%와 50%)] ANOVA 실험구를 설정하여 25%와 50% 어분을 계육분(CBM)으로 대체하는 사료에서 먹이섭취촉진물로 JMM의 첨가 효과를 평가하였다. 대조구(Con) 사료내 55% 어분이 함유되었으며, 25%와 50% 어분을 계육분으로 대체하고 22%의 JMM을 첨가하지 않은 CBM25 과 CBM50, JMM을 첨가한 CBM25J 과 CBM50J 사료를 각각 제조하였다. 또 다른 Two-way [동물성 단백질원(CBM, 육분(MM) 및 참치부산물분(TBM) × 대체율(25%와 50%)] ANOVA 실험구를 설정하여 JMM을 첨가하였을 때 25%와 50% 어분을 CBM, MM, TBM으로 각각 대체한 CBM25J, CBM50J, MM25J, MM50J, TBM25J 및 TBM50J 사료를 제조하였다. 총 675마리의 조피볼락(초기 무게 8.3g)을 27개의 50L의 유수식 수조에 무작위로 분배하였으며 실험구는 3반복구를 두었다. 모든 실험어는 8주간 매일 1일 2회 손으로 만복시까지 사료를 공급하여 주었다. 25%와 50% FM을 CBM으로 대체했을 때 어체중 증가와 일일성장률은 사료내 먹이촉진물(JMM)과 CBM의 대체율 모두에 영향을 받았다. CBM25J 사료공급구의 어체중 증가와 일일성장률은 Con 사료 공급구와 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 CBM25, CBM50, CBM50J 사료 공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 어체중 증가 및 일일성장률은 JMM이 첨가된 사료내 25% 및 50% 어분이 다양한 동물성 단백질원(CBM, MM 및 TBM)으로 대체되었을 때 어분대체원 및 어분대체율에 의해 영향을 받았다. CBM25J와 TBM25J 사료 공급구의 어체중 증가와 일일성장률은 Con 사료 공급구와 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 사료섭취량은 먹이섭취촉진물과 CBM 대체율에 영향을 받지 않았다. 실험어의 사료섭취량은 어분대체율의 영향을 받았으나 어분대체원의 영향을 받지는 않았다. CBM25J, MM25J, TBM25J 사료 공급구의 사료섭취량은 TBM50J 사료 공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 사료효율은 먹이섭취촉진물의 영향을 받았으나 CBM 대체율의 영향을 받지 않았다. CBM25J와 Con 사료 공급구의 사료효율은 CBM25와 CBM50 사료 공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 실험어의 사료효율은 어분대체원과 어분대체율 모두 영향을 받았다. Con과 CBM25J 사료 공급구의 사료효율은 CBM50J, MM25J 및 MM50J 사료 공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 실험어의 단백질전환효율은 먹이섭취촉진물과 CBM 대체율에 의해 영향을 받았다. CBM25J와 Con 사료 공급구의 단백질전환효율은 CBM25, CBM50, CBM50J 사료 공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 실험어의 단백질전환효율은 어분대체원과 어분대체율 모두 영향을 받았다. Con과 CBM25J 사료 공급구의 단백질전환효율은 CBM50J, MM25J 및 MM50J 사료 공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 단백질 축적율은 먹이섭취촉진물의 영향을 받았지만 CBM대체율의 영향을 받지 않았다. CBM25J와 Con 사료 공급구의 단백질 축적율은 CBM25, CBM50, CBM50J 사료 공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 실험어의 단백질축적률은 어분대체원에 의해 영향을 받았지만 어분대체율에는 영향을 받지 않았다. Con과 CBM25J 사료공급구의 단백질 축적율은 MM50J 사료공급구보다 높게 나타났다. 조피볼락의 체조성, 혈액성상 및 비특이적 면역 반응은 실험 사료의 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 고려할때 JMM은 사료내 25%와 50% 어분이 동일한 양의 CBM으로 대체되었을 때 먹이섭취촉진물로 효과적이었다. 또한 CBM, TBM 및 MM은 조피볼락의 성장에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않으면서 최대 25%까지 어분을 대체할 수 있으며 CBM25J 사료 공급구에서 가장 우수한 성장 결과가 나타났다. 3. 배합사료내 어분을 다양한 식물성 단백질원으로 대체시 먹이섭취촉진물(전갱이분)의 첨가에 따른 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)의 성장, 사료 이용성, 아미노산 조성 및 비특이적 면역 반응에 미치는 영향 본 연구는 조피볼락 배합사료내 25%와 50% 어분을 다양한 식물성 단백질원[콘글루텐(CGM), 농축대두박(SPC), 농축 옥수수(CPC)]으로 대체시 먹이섭취촉진물로서 전갱이분(JMM)의 첨가 효과를 평가하였다. Two-way [3(어분 대체원; CGM, SPC, CPC) × 2(어분 대체율; 25%와 50%)] ANOVA 실험구를 설정하였다. 조단백질과 조지질 함량이 일정한 총 7개의 실험사료를 준비하였으며, 대조구(Con) 사료내 어분 함량은 55%이었다. 대조구 사료내 어분의 25%와 50%를 CGM, SPC 및 CPC로 각각 대체한 CGM25, CGM50, SPC25, SPC50, CPC25 및 CPC50 사료를 준비하였다. 또한 모든 어분대체 실험사료내 어분의 22%를 먹이섭취촉진물로서 JMM을 첨가시켜주었다. 모든 실험 사료는 3반복구를 두었으며 8주동안 1일 2회 만복시까지 급이하였다. 어체중 증가와 일일성장률은 어분대체원과 어분대체율 모두 유의하게 영향을 받았다. Con 및 CGM25 사료공급구의 어체중 증가와 SGR은 다른 모든 사료공급구보다 유의적으로 높았다. 사료섭취량은 어분대체율의 영향을 받았다. 사료 효율과 단백질전환효율은 어분대체원과 어분대체율 모두 유의적으로 영향을 받았다. 조피볼락의 혈액성상, 체조성, 아미노산 조성 및 비특이적 면역 반응은 어분대체원 또는 어분대체율에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 조피볼락용 배합사료내 어분을 CGM로 25% 대체시 JMM을 첨가하였을 때 조피볼락의 성장, 사료섭취량, 사료 이용성 및 비특이적 면역반응에 대한 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않았다.|Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) has been one of the most commercially crucial marine aquaculture fish species in Republic of Korea, Japan, and China. In Korea, most rockfish aquaculture production still prefers the supply of moist pellet (MP) rather than the formulated feed (FF) due to the perception that the growth and feed consumption of rockfish supplied with MP is higher than FF. Feed consumption of fish can be reduced due to deficiency or lower amounts of feeding attractants and/or stimulants in FF compared to MP. This may lower the adoption of EP by fish farmers in the Korea. Therefore, there is a high need to study the inclusion effect of feed stimulants that could induce elevated feed consumption of EP on the growth performance of fish. Therefore, jack mackerel meal (JMM), which is known to have a strong attractiveness for rockfish, was the dietary inclusion effect of graded levels of JMM as feed stimulants on juvenile rockfish determined. In addition, explore the substitution effect of various animal by-products [chicken by-product meal (CBM), meat meal (MM), and tuna by-product meal (TBM)] and plant protein sources [corn gluten meal (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and corn protein concentrate (CPC)] for FM at different levels in diets with an addition of JMM as feed stimulants on the growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition, hematological parameters, and non-specific immune responses of juvenile rockfish. 1. Dietary inclusion effect of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) meal as feed stimulants on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) Jack mackerel meal (JMM) is known to have strong attractiveness to rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Dietary inclusion effects of various levels of JMM on the growth, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses of juvenile rockfish were determined. The control (Con) diet contained 55% fish meal (FM). One, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100% of JMM were included at the expense of FM in the Con diet, referred to as the JMM1, JMM3, JMM5, JMM10, JMM20, JMM40, JMM60, and JMM100 diets, respectively. A total of 810 rockfish was distributed into 27, 50 L flow-through tanks (30 juvenile/tank). The experimental diets were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand-fed twice a day to satiation for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the JMM40 diet was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater than that of fish fed the Con, JMM1, JMM3, JMM5, JMM10, and JMM20 diets. Feed consumption of fish fed the JMM40 diet was significantly (P < 0.02) higher than that of fish fed the Con, JMM1, JMM3, and JMM5 diets. Dietary inclusion levels of JMM did not influence feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses of fish. In conclusion, inclusion of JMM up to 40% in diets improved growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate) and feed consumption of fish, and dietary optimum inclusion levels of JMM were estimated to be 39.7, 39.4, and 40.3% based on regression analysis of weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed consumption of fish, respectively. 2. The effect of substituting different levels of fish meal with various animal protein sources in diets with an addition of jack mackerel meal as feed stimulants on growth, feed utilization, chemical composition, amino and fatty acid profiles, and non-specific immune responses of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) Animal protein sources are known to be effective as an alternative to fish meal (FM) in fish feeds, but their substitutability for FM can be limited by their palatability and limiting amino acids (AA). Nevertheless, substitutability of FM with these alternatives in fish feeds supplemented with feed stimulants can be improved. Jack mackerel meal (JMM) is known to be the effective feed stimulants in rockfish. Inclusion effect of JMM in diets replacing different levels of FM with various animal protein sources on the growth, feed utilization, biochemical composition, plasma chemistry, and non-specific immune responses of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) were elucidated. Two-way [feed stimulants (without and with) × substitution ratio (25 and 50%)] ANOVA experimental design was applied to evaluate inclusion effect of JMM as feed stimulants in diets replacing 25 and 50% FM with chicken by-product meal (CBM) on the growth performance of rockfish. The control (Con) diet contained 55% FM. Twenty-five and 50% FM were substituted with CBM in the Con diet without or with inclusion of 22% JMM at the expense of FM, referred to as the CBM25 and CBM50, CBM25J and CBM50J diets, respectively. Another two-way {dietary substitution source [CBM, meat meal (MM), and tuna by-product meal (TBM)] × substitution ratio (25 and 50%)} ANOVA experimental design was applied to evaluate substituting effect of FM with various animal protein sources (CBM, MM, and TBM) at different (25, and 50%) levels in diets with inclusion of JMM as feed stimulants, referred to as the CBM25J, CBM50J, MM25J, MM50J, TBM25J, and TBM50J diets, respectively, on growth performance of fish. A total of 675 juvenile (initial weight of 8.3 g) rockfish was randomly distributed in 27, 50 L flow-through tanks. All experimental diets were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand-fed to visual satiation level for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish were affected by both dietary inclusion of JMM and substitution ratio when 25 and 50% FM were replaced with the same amount of CBM. Weight gain and SGR of fish fed the CBM25J diet were comparable to those of fish fed the Con diet, but superior to fish fed the CBM25, CBM50, and CBM50J diets. Weight gain and SGR of fish were influenced by dietary substitution source and ratio when 25 and 50% FM were replaced with various sources of animal protein (CBM, MM, and TBM) in diets with JMM inclusion. Weight gain and SGR of fish fed the CBM25J and TBM25J were comparable to those of fish fed the Con diets. Feed consumption of fish was not affected by either feed stimulants or substitution ratio. Feed consumption of fish was affected by dietary substitution ratio, but not by substitution source. Feed consumption of fish fed the CBM25J, MM25J, and TBM25J diets were higher than that of fish fed TBM50J diets. Feed efficiency (FE) of fish was affected by feed stimulants, but not by substitution ratio. FE of fish fed the CBM25J and Con diets were higher than that of fish fed the CBM25 and CBM50 diets. FE of fish was affected by both dietary substitution source and substitution ratio. FE of fish fed the Con and CBM25J diets was higher than that of fish fed the CBM50J, MM25J, and MM50J diets. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish was affected by both feed stimulants and substitution ratio. PER of fish fed the CBM25J and Con diets were higher than that of fish fed the CBM25, CBM50, and CBM50J diets. PER of fish was affected by both substitution source and substitution ratio. PER of fish fed the Con and CBM25J diets were higher than that of fish fed the CBM50J, MM25J, and MM50J diets. Protein retention (PR) of fish was affected by feed stimulants, but not by substitution ratio. PR of fish was affected by feed substitution source, but not by substitution ratio. PR of fish fed the Con and CBM25J diets were higher than that of fish fed the MM50J diet. The biochemical composition, biological indices, plasma chemistry, and non-specific immune responses of rockfish was not affected by the experimental diets. In conclusion, JMM acted as feed stimulants when 25 and 50% FM were replaced with the same amount of CBM in diets. In addition, CBM, TBM, and MM could be used as the substitutes for FM up to 25% without undesirable influence on the growth performance of rockfish. The best growth performance was obtained in fish fed the CBM25J diet. 3. Inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal in diets replacing fish meal with plant protein sources on the growth, feed utilization, amino acid profiles, and non-specific immune responses of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) This study aims to figure out inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal (JMM) as feed ingredient in diets replacing plant protein sources [corn gluten meal (CGM), soybean protein concentrate (SPC), and corn protein concentrate (CPC)] for 25 and 50% FM on growth performance of rockfish. A two-way [3 (substitution source; CGM, SPC, and CPC) × 2 (substitution ratio; 25 and 50%)] ANOVA experimental design was applied. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated. The control (Con) diet contained 55% FM. The CGM, SPC, and CPC were replaced for 25 and 50% FM in the Con diet, named the CGM25, CGM50, SPC25, SPC50, CPC25, and CPC50 diets, respectively. Furthermore, 22% JMM was included in all plant protein substituted diets. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio of fish were significantly affected by both dietary substitution source and ratio. Weight gain and SGR of fish fed the Con and CGM25 diets were greater than those of fish fed all other diets. None of biochemical composition and non-specific immune responses of fish was influenced by either dietary substitution source or substitution ratio. In conclusion, replacement of CGM for 25% FM in diet with JMM inclusion can be made without compromising growth performance of rockfish. -
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1. General Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Dietary inclusion effect of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) meal as feed stimulants on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) 5 1. Introduction 5 2. Materials and methods 8 2.1 Preparation of the experimental diets and fish for the 8-week feeding trial 8 2.1.1 Experimental conditions of the experiment 8 2.1.2 Preparation of the experimental diets and design of the feeding trial 8 2.1.3 Measurements of the biological indices of rockfish 12 2.1.4 Plasma biochemical analysis of fish 12 2.1.5 Innate immune responses of rockfish 12 2.1.6 Proximate analysis of the experimental diets and fish 13 2.1.7 AA and fatty acid (FA) analysis of the experimental diets and fish 13 2.2 Evaluation of attractiveness of the experimental diets to juvenile rockfish 14 2.2.1 Preparation of the apparatus to determine attractiveness of the diets to the fish 14 2.2.2 Experimental conditions and fish 17 2.2.3 Evaluating attractiveness of the experimental diets to rockfish 17 2.3 Statistical analysis 17 3. Results 19 3.1 AA and FA profiles of the experimental diets 19 3.2 Performance of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 19 3.2.1 Performance of fish fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks 19 3.2.2 Feed consumption and utilization of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 20 3.2.3 Biological parameters of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 20 3.2.4 Plasma parameters of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 28 3.2.5 Innate immune responses of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 28 3.2.6 Proximate composition of the whole-body fish in the 8-week feeding trial 28 3.2.7 AA and FA profiles of the whole-body fish in the 8-week feeding trial 28 3.3 Attractiveness of the experimental diets to rockfish 28 4. Discussion 37 Chapter 3. The effect of substituting different levels of fish meal with various animal protein sources in diets with an addition of jack mackerel meal as feed stimulants on growth, feed utilization, chemical composition, amino and fatty acid profiles, and non-specific immune responses of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) 42 1. Introduction 42 2. Materials and methods 45 2.1 Experimental conditions of the feeding trial 45 2.2 Preparation of the experimental diets and design of the feeding trial 45 2.3 Sampling and measuring biological indices of the experimental fish at the end of the 8-week feeding trial 49 2.4 Plasma chemical analysis of the experimental fish in the 8-week experiment 49 2.5 Non-specific immune response of the experimental fish in the 8-week experiment 50 2.6 Chemical composition analysis of the experimental diets and whole-body fish in the 8-week experiment 51 2.7 AA analysis of the experimental diets and whole-body fish in the 8-week experiment 51 2.8 FA analysis of the experimental diets and whole body fish 52 2.9 Statistical analysis 52 3. Results 52 3.1 AA and FA profiles of the experimental diets 52 3.2 Survival and growth performance of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 58 3.3 Feed consumption and utilization of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 61 3.4 Chemical composition of the whole-body fish in the 8-week feeding trial 66 3.5 AA profiles of the whole-body fish in the 8-week feeding trial 66 3.6 FA profiles of the whole-body fish in the 8-week feeding trial 70 3.7 Hematological parameters of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 70 3.8 Non-specific immune responses of rockfish in the 8-week feeding trial 70 4. Discussion 77 Chapter 4. Inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal in diets replacing fish meal with plant protein sources on the growth, feed utilization, amino acid profiles, and non-specific immune responses of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) 83 1. Introduction 83 2. Materials and methods 87 2.1 Experimental conditions of the feeding trial 87 2.2 Experimental design and preparation of the experimental diets 87 2.3 Sampling and measuring biological indices of rockfish at the end of the 8-week feeding trial 91 2.4 Serum biochemical analysis of rockfish 91 2.5 Non-specific immune responses of the experimental fish 91 2.6 Chemical composition of the experimental diets and whole-body fish 92 2.7 AA analysis of the experimental diets and whole-body fish 92 2.8 Statistical analysis 93 3. Results 93 3.1 AA profiles of the experimental diets 93 3.2 Performance of rockfish at the end of the 8-week feeding trial 94 3.3 Feed consumption, feed utilization, and biological indices of fish at the end of the 8-week feeding trial 94 3.4 Proximate composition of the whole-body fish at the end of the 8-week feeding trial 100 3.5 AA profiles of the whole-body fish at the end of the 8-week feeding trial 100 3.6 Serum biochemical analysis of the experimental fish at the end of the 8-week feeding trial 100 3.7 Non-specific immune responses of the fish 100 4. Discussion 106 Chapter 5. General Discussion 114 References 120 -
dc.format.extent 162 -
dc.language eng -
dc.publisher 한국해양대학교 대학원 -
dc.rights 한국해양대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다. -
dc.title Inclusion effects of jack mackerel meal in diets containing different protein sources for rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) -
dc.title.alternative 다양한 단백질원을 함유한 조피볼락용 배합사료내 전갱이분의 첨가 효과 -
dc.type Dissertation -
dc.date.awarded 2023-02 -
dc.embargo.terms 2023-03-03 -
dc.contributor.alternativeName June Kim -
dc.contributor.department 대학원 해양문화콘텐츠융복합과정 -
dc.contributor.affiliation 한국해양대학교 대학원 해양콘텐츠융복합협동과정 -
dc.description.degree Doctor -
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation 김준. (2023). Inclusion effects of jack mackerel meal in diets containing different protein sources for rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). -
dc.subject.keyword rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), feed stimulants, jack mackerel meal, alternative animal by-product meals, plant protein source, fish meal replacement -
dc.contributor.specialty 해양생명과학전공 -
dc.identifier.holdings 000000001979▲200000003272▲200000671141▲ -
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