국제해상운송의 보안과 간소화 규범의 연구

Abstract

International maritime transportation has been carrying out 85% of international trade cargo volume. So every country and organizations endeavor to facilitate international trade for efficient trade. After September 11 terror in the USA, concern about security has been grown up worldwide.

International maritime transportation have weakness relating to security and we can divide it's dangerous factors by resource, cargo, ship, port facilities and seafarers/workers relating to port facilities. The regulation on the security was started by USA and after that most countries and international organizations have been legislated laws concerning to international maritime securities. There are CSI(Container Security Initiative), MTSA 2002(Maritime Trade Security Act of 2002) and 24 hour-rule for cargo concerning security, ISPS Code(International Ship and Port facility Security Code) of PSI(Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation Security Initiative) and SUA Convention(Convention of Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation) for ship concerning security, ISPS Code and MTSA 2002 for port concerning security, International seafarer Identification card(ILO) and E-NOAD(Eletronic-Notice Of arrival and Departure) for seafarer/worker concerning security.

As to the facilitation of international maritime transportation, the documentations of entering/leaving port and loading/discharging cargo are so different from each country that it may lead to delay and obstruct the efficient flow of traffic and finally it may result of transportation charge rising. To solve out these problems, IMO(International Maritime Organization) adopted FAL Convention(Convention on Facilitation of International Maritme Traffic,1965), WCO(World Customs Organization) adopted Kyoto Convention(international Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures) and other countries adopted by own laws.

In international maritime transportation the customs procedures are one of the step to be passed and in this procedure security must be ensured and processes must be facilitated. For these two goals, many countries and International organizations have adopted laws such as C-TPAT(Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism) and AEO(Authorized Economic Operator).

This thesis reviews the laws mentioned above related both to security and facilitation, and tries to derive some suggestion for satisfying both goals.