선박 조우 상황에 대한 적정 관제 개입시기에 관한 기초 연구

Abstract

Korea's world seaborne trade has been continuously increasing as the maritime shipping is actively developing due to a geographic characteristic. Also, increased demand of water leisure activities by the rise of GDP(Gross Domestic Product) and increased numbers of fishing vessels made the marine traffic volume increase gradually. Especially around the marine traffic control areas, marine traffic flow is complicated by the ships that are entering, departing and crossing. And this results in bigger danger of marine accidents.

In order to decrease these dangers of marine accidents and secure safety of marine traffic, VTS(Vessel Traffic Service) services are being provided in Korea, where there are 18 VTS centers being operated in ports and on the coasts.

Despite the continuous efforts by VTS, annual average of marine accidents were 161.4 in recent five years(2010~2014) in the control areas and they are continuously increasing in these areas. Especially, lots of marine accidents occur in the areas of Busan VTS accounting for 29.6% of the total.

Meanwhile, guidelines of control procedures are set on the VTS control according to IALA VTS Manual and Public Order in Open Ports Act of Korea. However, there are no guidelines about control orders and avoiding methods since these can't be applied uniformly depending on the ships' encountering situations while controlling. So, even on similar traffic situations, orders of the VTS center are being proceeded differently depending on the VTS officers in charge of this. This is why it is desperately needed to prepare guidelines for the time of avoidance on each encountering situations.

Therefore, this paper is intended to provide guidelines for the time of control on each encountering situations by using PARK model based on the consciousness of ship operators in Busan Port where there are lots of dangerous elements lurking in marine traffic.

Firstly, the result of survey aimed at Busan VTS officers about the occurrence of dangerous situations while on duty showed that they felt average of 7.8 times of danger at daytime and 6.6 times of that at night. And by each duty time, they felt the dangerous traffic situations at every 15 minutes during daytime and every 18 minutes at night.

Secondly, the control channels of VTS were watched for three days to distinguish dangerous situations in the vicinity of Busan Port. There were total 2,965 communications and the analysis showed that the percentage of the matters related to the encountering of ship is in total of 22%

Thirdly, in order to check the risk among vessels at the time during the duty of the VTS officer, there were four derived elements which are the time of order or advice by the VTS officer intervening in the communications about the ships' encountering situations, CPA in case of sailing after deciding the sailing methods by the communications among ships, the distance at the first communication and the risk showed by PARK Model. The derived risks were classified under ships' encountering situations.

Lastly, after analyzing the risk of PARK Model derived from three days of the investigation by each encountering situations, this paper suggested a guideline for the appropriate time for control.