승선실습의 국제협력방안에 관한 연구

Abstract

Recently, in a state that an imbalance phenomenon of seafarer supply has been aggravated all over the world, it is expected that there will be shortages of about 8,000 ship officers and about 30,000 ratings in 2020. Although high-quality maritime training and education are needed to solve the problem, it is reality that developing countries supplying a half scale of worldwide crew manpower do not have their own training ships as well as it is difficult for them to implement systematic on-board education and training due to significant shortage of their own fleets.

Thus, this dissertation suggests desirable operation types of shipboard training by grasping present conditions of training ships of the world and on-board education systems per nation and also intends to seek international cooperation schemes for on-board training in order to supply seafarers smoothly to the world maritime industry regardless of the insufficiency.

Owing to increase of trade volume in accordance with economic growth, both vessel enlargement and new ship supply quantity are increasing at the worldwide maritime market. Hence, demands for competent ship officers and ratings are anticipated to rise steadily.

There are 42 training vessels (1,000 tons and over) for on-board education and training throughout the world. Among them, sailing training ships are 11, merchant training ships are 5, and exclusive training ships are 26. Average tonnage of sailing training ships is 2,311 tons and the average age is 45 years. Average tonnage of merchant training ships is 11,656 tons and the average age is 22 years. And, average tonnage of exclusive training ships is 5,381 tons and the average age is 28.7 years. In order of Japan, Poland, Taiwan, the Republic of Korea, China, and the USA, they possess training ships which are below the average ages of vessels.

Exclusive training ships which are run by Korea, HANNARA and SAEYUDAL, are planned to retire in 2019 and substitute training ships are under construction. Average age of retiring training ships is 23 years. It is 5.7 years lower than the world average age of training ships (28.7 years). Accordingly, for an international cooperative on-board training program which was proposed to resolve the imbalance of the seafarer supply as part of international cooperation methods, it is possible to utilize HANNARA and SAEYUDAL.

Recently maritime education systems tend to be largely divided into multi-stage sea training, continuous sea training, on-board training of a merchant ship, and on-board training of a training ship. Countries to adopt the multi-stage training and combine the sea training of a merchant ship are the UK, USA, Japan, Russia and Poland, etc. Korea, China, Philippines, India, Myanmar, and so on in Asia assume the form of the continuous training. The rest of Asia except for the Republic of Korea and China adopt the sea training on merchant ships.

As one of international cooperation schemes for on-board training, this study suggested a measure to establish GSTC (Global Sea Training Center), which selects the type of the continuous sea training targeting countries which have no other choice but to depend on the sea training of a merchant ship, because they cannot maintain their own training ships. In addition, about detailed promotion plans and business plans for the GSTC establishment, they will be processed by organizing a task force team for the establishment that consists of experts of government and maritime education.