이스탄불해협에서의 항행안전을 증진시키기 위한 Local Traffic Management에 관한 연구

Abstract

peak time in the research area.

d) Results of marine traffic fast time simulation studies are also shown that recommended local marine traffic routes by Istanbul Harbor Master Local marine Traffic Guideline (RLMTR) promotes navigation safety in the research area. However, it is not effective as proposed LTSS or one way traffic implementations.

e) Results of marine traffic fast time simulation studies are shown that proposed LTSS’s improve marine traffic safety in the research area. According to results, proposed LTSS 1 is most effective measure to improve navigation safety in Sector A1 and proposed LTSS 3 is most effective measure to improve navigation safety in Sector A2 and Sector A3 among proposed LTSS. Finally, local traffic separation scheme implementation is strongly recommended for the improvement of marine traffic safety in the southern entrance of Istanbul Strait.

f) Results of marine traffic fast time simulation studies are shown that one way traffic implementation is highly effective to reduce stresses in the research area which is in compliance with result of expert survey. Therefore, continuity of one way traffic implementation is also strongly recommended.

a) When compared collision probability of the Istanbul Strait with various Korean waterways, it is found almost two times higher than Korean waterways.

b) According to result of the real time simulation study, most risky area for maritime traffic in the research area is the region between Sarayburnu and Kadikoy. The results indicate that there is strong necessity for improvement of navigation safety in the research area.

c) Results of marine traffic fast time simulation studies according to current traffic situation are shown that 29% unacceptable stress occurs during peak and 22% during off&#8208

way traffic implementations in order to improve marine traffic safety in the Istanbul Strait.

Last but not least findings of the study are listed briefly below

and various traffic separation schemes for local marine traffic (LTSS) are proposed in order to lower scaled stress due to ship handling difficulty in the research area.

Chapter 5 summarizes the findings and recommends LTSS and one&#8208

peak times are simulated by marine traffic fast time simulation studies.

The studies were then analyzed by the Latent ES Model which was introduced to exclude influence of the individual skill differences and navigator personality and to guarantee the universality of the results in evaluating shiphandling difficulty (Inoue et al 1999) in Chapter 4.

Afterwards, marine traffic parameters such as changing the vessel size, traffic flow, and traffic direction are investigated

O), skippers of local traffic vessels and master marines who had experience passing through the Istanbul Strait were surveyed. Based on the expert survey study, the most dangerous vessel type and ship length, the effect of external factors (i.e. current, wind, visibility) and the effectiveness level of the potential counter measures are determined.

Section 3 of chapter 3 investigates the navigational stress that local traffic imposes on transit vessels passing through the Istanbul Strait. For this purpose, the research area is created digitally and simulation studies are carried out using a ship handling simulator which can imitate the effects of topographic features, vessel traffic and meteorological conditions.

Furthermore, the results of the simulation studies are analyzed using Environmental Stress Model of Inoue (2000) which provides an opportunity to measure the stress level of a mariner quantitatively due to ship handling difficulty. Thus, the danger that is imposed by the local traffic on transit ships is demonstrated and the most dangerous spots in the research area are revealed.

Safety is a human perceived quality that determines to what extent the management, engineering and operation of a system is free of danger to life, property and the environment (Chengi, 2007). The ultimate aim of this dissertation is the improvement of navigation safety in the Istanbul Strait.

In the chapter 3, dangers in the research area are presented by collision probability, expert survey and real time ship handling simulator studies and outcomes of those studies show the necessity of risk reduction.

Risk reduction is the term used to describe the moving of a hazard from one location higher on the risk scale to a lower location (Chengi, 2007). Based on this concept, current marine traffic situations during peak and off&#8208

risk zones are identified in the research area. On the basis of information collected in section 1 of chapter 3, an expert survey is discussed in order to assess danger perceptions of experts, determine risks in the research area and then propose a basis for further studies in section 2 of chapter 3. Stakeholders such as pilots, Vessel Traffic Services Operators (VTS&#8208

y and the Istanbul Strait Bridge, where the local marine traffic is more congested and poses a threat to navigation safety. In order to devise these counter measures, local marine traffic parameters such as local traffic volume, traffic flow and probability of collision are analyzed by utilizing various statistics.

Then, previously conducted expert surveys, real time simulation studies and marine traffic fast time simulation studies are used to examine the various changes of marine traffic parameters. At the end of the dissertation, a few local traffic separation schemes are proposed to promote navigation safety in the Istanbul Strait.

Chapter 1 of the dissertation describes its scope, gives a review of the literature and presents the research layout.

Chapter 2 gives a general introduction to marine traffic and environment in the Istanbul Strait.

Chapter 3 reviews and investigates marine traffic risks in the Istanbul Strait in 3 sections. In the first section of chapter 3, marine traffic safety assessment parameters, which are local traffic volume, traffic flow, potential number of local traffic vessel encounters and possibility of collision, are investigated in order to determine the degree of danger at the southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait. Finally, by utilizing these parameters, the high&#8208

Istanbul, with its natural, cultural and historical wealth, is not only one of Turkey’s most beautiful cities, but it is also one of the most exciting cities in the world. In fact, while linking the two continents geographically, Istanbul has been the original and striking meeting point of Europe with Asia and the East with the West. Istanbul Strait is what makes Istanbul such a special city.

However, there are enormous challenges for navigation in the Istanbul Strait due to its geographical, geopolitical and oceanographic structure. One of the challenges is the local marine traffic which crosses from one side to other of the strait. Daily, more than 2,100 scheduled and unscheduled crossings take place by passenger and car ferries, passenger boats and sea buses in the southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait where local traffic mostly effects navigation safety.

In this dissertation, the aim is to improve navigation safety by investigating and proposing counter measures for local marine traffic in the southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait which is the chosen geographical area of research. More specifically, the research area is the zone between the line connecting the Moda Cape and Bakirk&#337