중국 징진지(京津冀) 일체화전략의 현황과 발전전망

Abstract

随着城市化和区域一体化的发展，地方经济越来越以区域经济的方式参与全球分工和竞争，一体化的区域也成为地区和国家参与竞争的基本单位。2014年2月26日，习近平提出北京、天津、河北三地努力实现京津冀一体化发展战略。自此，京津冀一体化问题打破多年被搁置的处境，从新注入国家动力，成为现阶段中国的国家战略之一。京津冀走经济一体化的发展道路是增强区域综合实力和参与全球经济产业分工的必然要求。同时，也涌现了大量区域公共问题，这些问题都是超越了行政区划的界限，其解决依赖于区域内各地方政府的联合治理。最近频繁的环境问题让京津冀再次成为全国关注焦点，“美丽中国”和“中国梦”的实现面临生态环境的巨大挑战。京津冀区域还是中国北方最大的经济中心和进出口门户，其发展对于缩小国内区域发展差距、促进区域之间的协调发展具有特殊的战略地位和枢纽地位。

本文以京津冀一体化的概念为切入点，同时了解京津冀一体化的发展过程，自改革开放以来，京津冀区域协同发展进展缓慢。经历了首都圈、环渤海经济圈、京津冀首都圈、京津冀一体化这四个阶段，每个一个阶段都是步履阑珊。然后了解京津冀三地目前经济发展现状，通过30多年的不懈努力，京津冀区域一体化以其发达便捷的交通、雄厚的工业基础和科技教育实力并凭借其丰富的自然资源和优越的地理位置，成为了中国新的经济增长极。京津冀一体化成为了新时代的国家战略，具有明显的时代特征。这里空间跨度大、发展水平梯度大、区域内互补性强，可以在更大的空间上发挥市场作用，更好的统筹和资源配置。涉及到交通与基础设施一体化、生态环境一体化、产业经济一体化、社会治理与事业一体化等方方面面但与此同时，京津冀一体化也存在在诸多问题，其中较为明显的有京津冀产业结构问题、环首都的河北贫困带的问题、生态环境问题、全球竞争力不足问题和疏解非首都功能问题等。如果这些问题得不到有效的解决，京津冀一体化发展将很难进行下去。目前根据不同的问题中国制定了相应的对策。同时也需要市场配置和法制保障。本人认为在短暂的时间里很难得到解决，需要一个漫长可持续发展过程。

京津冀一体化发展是大势所趋，也是利国利民，只是会有一个漫长的各方利益博弈过程，到2030年京津冀一体化格局基本形成。未来京津冀一体化建设要以人为本，生态环保为可持续发展的基本条件，打造出安定和谐、宜居宜业的幸福生活圈。

|Along with the development of urbanization and regional integration, the local economy participate in global division of labor and competition in the form of regional economy more and more often, the integration of the region has become the basic unit of the regions and countries participating in the competition. On February 26, 2014, Xi Jinping proposed a strategy that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province should make efforts to achieve development of regional integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Since then, the problem of the regional integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei break the situation that has been shelved for many years, inject new state impetus and has become one of the present China's national strategies. The development path of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic integration is an inevitable requirement to enhance the regional comprehensive strength and participate in the global economic and industrial division of labor. At the same time, a large number of regional public issues have also emerged, these issues are beyond the boundaries of administrative divisions and the solution relies on the joint governance of local governments in the region. Recently Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region become the focus of the whole country again because of frequent environmental problems, the realization of "beautiful China" and "Chinese dream" is facing the great challenge of ecological environment. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is still the biggest economic center and import and export portal in north China, its development has the special strategic position and hub status in narrowing the gap between domestic regional developments and promoting the coordinated development between regions.

In this paper, the concept of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration is as the starting point and the development of the integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is understood at the same time. Since reform and opening up, the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region evolves slowly. The four stages of the capital circle, the Circum-Bohai-sea economic circle, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei capital circle and integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are experienced and each stage is difficult. As for the present situation in the current economic development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, through more than 30 years of unremitting efforts, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional integration has become a new economic growth pole of China because of rich and convenient transportation, strong industrial base and the education of science and technology strength, abundant natural resources and superior geographic location. Integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has become a new times national strategy and has obvious times feature. In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the spatial span is big, development level gradient is big, areas are highly complementary, the market can play a role on a larger space and resources can have a better allocation plan. Integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is involved in all aspects such as transportation and infrastructure integration, integration of the ecological environment, the industrial economic integration, social governance and business integration and so on. But at the same time, integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region also exists in many problems; among the problems some are obvious such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industry structure problem, the problem of poor areas of Hebei around Beijing, ecological environment problems, the problem of shortage of global competitiveness, center less and so on. If these problems can't be settled effectively, integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region development will be difficult to proceed. At present, China formulated the corresponding countermeasures according to the different problems. At the same time market configuration and legal guarantee is also necessary. As far as I am concerned the problems are hard to be solved in a short time, in other word, a long process of sustainable development is necessary.

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration is the trend of times, as well as benefits the nation and people. However, there will be a long game process among the interests of all parties by the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration pattern forms basically in 2030. Integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will create peace and harmony, livable and suit for work and happy living area as the basic condition of people-oriented construction, ecological environmental protection sustainable development.