한국선박관리감독의 역량분석에 관한 연구

Abstract

Ship management is the specialized field that handles various duties ranging from the maintenance of vessels on behalf of shipowners, manning, arrangement of lubricant, ship’s store and spare, etc., technical management including insurance services and ship chartering, operation management, and commercial management. To cope with shipping’s long-term recession, shipping companies established their affiliated companies for ship management or entrusted the third parties’ ship management companies to manage their vessels starting with outsourcing the crew management field to solve the instability of crew supply and wages on the rise. And the demands increased because of the increase in temporary shipowners as ship owners became bankrupt one after the other due to the recession. And the duties were expanded to vessels’ operation and sales as well as technical management that the shipping world had newly done.

The Korean ship management business began from manning at the initiatory stage. However, the market decayed as low-paid seafarers including the Philippines, Indonesia, China, etc. enter it on a large scale due to the shortage of Korean crew and the drop in international competitiveness of costs. So it started to provide technological ship management and the range of management gradually got comprehensive and various. Accordingly, the necessity of education to train Superintendent and improve the existing human resources’ qualification came to the fore as duties of the superintendent who manage vessels are sophisticated and complicated.

As the ship management market expanded and was recognized as a higher value-added business, shipping companies must dominate the market in advance and could not help avoiding the competition with global companies to enter the global market. The Korean ship management companies that cannot escape from the small size focusing on crew management and manage their business should prepare plans to improve their competitiveness that can receive recognition in the international market to be competitive with international companies. Overseas ship management companies have hundreds of managing vessels. And there are many differentiated companies by making the best use of scale merits through them. However, Korean ship management companies have the infrastructure of excellent maritime human resources and experiences and technical skills of special ship management. So they should international competitiveness by improving the quality of management services based on them.

The transfer of flag ships of convenience of vessels owned by the advanced countries and the crew employment of international units brought the flexibility and complexity to vessel management. In a context of wide multinational seafarer, ship management should adjust and accept cultural and national differences and policies should be adjusted by considering the differences of social norms. And various changes including effective communication that considers different languages, backgrounds, and standards should be treated.

And ship management’s key issues are always safety and cost control. Therefore, the approach of vessel management minimizes accidents and incidents based on the safety principle within tight budget. Today’s ship management companies focus on new fields including leadership, human resources management, and change management that did not separately receive attention in the past as they started using industry-led management programs such as Tanker Management Self-Assessment (TMSA program) to improve this business performance generally.

Organizations’ achievement of strategic managerial objectives depend on finding and fostering top talented persons and corporate performance depends on creation, sharing, and utilization of organizational human resources in the change of global business environment in the 21st century. In the employment of ship superintendents,‘hardskills’such as experiences to go onboard and expertise about vessels are the most important standard. However, people have recently concentrated to be interested in fostering talented persons who combine‘softskills’such as leadership, communication, conflict management, cultural diversity management, teamwork, etc. with it.

Therefore, this study tries to provide basic data to establish the system that develops and supports the competencies of Korean ship superintendents by drawing the competencies required for them through an analysis of their qualification and ability required for the precedent studies and the major domestic and overseas ship management companies and examining effects of maritime experiences on building their competency and required competencies by duty through an actual analysis of the differences in awareness of the importance of the competencies among maritime departments, final onboard positions, and duties based on the hands-on worker-centered survey result.