20세기 초 大連 항만의 하역체제와 노동자 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cargo handing system and dockers of Dalian port during it's modernization process under the imperialistic rule in the early 20th century. In order to explain this question, this paper tries to analyze the interrelationship among the South Manchuria Railways Company(SMR), the cargo handing system and dockers which play important roles during the modernization process of Dalian port.

It is a common knowledge that Dalian port experienced rapid development in the early 20th century, and just in less than 20 years it became to the second largest port in China. What made this phenomenon possible was the power that pushed the Dalian port toward to the modernization. Based on the materials of South Manchuria Railways Company and some newspapers of Manchuria as well as the research data related to the Dalian port, this study firstly tries to illustrate the background of Dalian port's initial formation. Dalian port's built by the Russian empire before the 20th century.

However, the boom years of Dalian port started from 1907 after enrollment expansion with imperial Japan. Especially the South Manchuria Railways Company did series of construction and management system, which are essential for the economic development based on the port-rail network. Dalian port was greatly expanded, and with the fast expansion of the port construction, the influence of policy factors, especially the innovation of cargo handing system started a rapidly throughput growing. Thus the regional products like soybeans, soy-oil and soy-cakes went through the road toward world market and were exported to Asia, Europe and America that made Dalian port became a famous soybean-port.

At the same time dockers were growing stronger as an unique citizen stratum in this port city. Labor mobility like this was an inevitable phenomenon in Dalian port's modernized economy progress. The changes in their daily life and management systems could also be important reference factors in the modernization process of Dalian port. So in this part their formation, migration activities, living status was surveyed, and the influence to the dockers caused by the accommodation named Hekizanso which was set up by South Manchuria Railways Company's funds is investigated.

Hekizanso was established in 1911, it supplied bed, food and the cargo handing jobs for labors in Dalian port. Hekizanso had a capacity of 15,000. Usually there were 14,000 dockers stayed here during the season of large distribution of the products like soybeans, soy-oil and soy-cakes, and even in other seasons 9,500-11,000 dockers were living there. Hekizanso was a special labor emigrants society which was managed by South Manchuria Railways Company's subsidiary in Dalian port.

On the basis of these above point of view, this paper is expected to help to understand the early modernization stage of Dalian port. And maybe by this way the past can provide experiences for the present development, also guidance for the future.

Key Words: Dalian port, South Manchuria Railways Company(SMR), Cargo Handing System, Dockers