우리나라 크루즈 산업 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

Abstract

The global cruise industry is continuously growing with the increase in the number of passengers on the basis of various reasons which includes increased income level, life style changes, the pursuit of diverse experience and etc.

The number of cruise passengers worldwide in 2009 was about 17.8 million and until 2017, there was an annual average increase of 5.6%.

Cruise Line International Association(CLIA) has forecasted that 27 million of passengers will enjoy the cruise on 2018.

The cruise industry in Asia is also growing with the economic growth of Northern-East Asia.

Especially, Chinese cruise industry has started to grow sharply from 2012 and according to the report of CLIA, the number of Chinese outbound passengers in 2016 has been recorded as 2.1 million, which is the second largest demand of cruise in the world followed by 11 million passengers in North America.

The remarkable Chinese cruise boom, as stated above, has positively influence on Korean cruise industry because many cruises starting from Chinese ports have called at Korean ports with making the economic effect.

However, the development of Korean cruise industry could not last for a long time due to political conflicts between Korea and China.

Korean Ministry of National Defense has officially determined deployment of THHAD(Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) in the Korean Peninsula on July 2016. This Korean determination has forced Chinese government, which has been insisting the opposite of the deployment of THHAD, to begin unofficial economic revenge on Korea.

As the above results, cruises which are chartered to the Chinese travel agency and planned to call at Korean ports from Chinese ports have been cancelled after February 2017.

Korean cruise industry, which highly depends on Chinese passengers, were shocked and frustrated. This allowed Korean cruise industry to realize that securing stability by searching other cruise market is crucial.

The cruise market in the East-Rim sea is not currently active and remains as a potential cruise market. This market has to be researched and developed in order for Korean cruise industry to have stability. It is also the purpose of this study.

This thesis suggests some sea routes in the East-Rim sea including Korean ports(Busan, Sokcho) and improvements of the various cruise infrastructure.

First, as the aspect of passengers, infrastructures in land & air transportation must be developed in order for them to use cruise easily by decreasing moving time. It will be also helpful for cruise ship to have a chance of crew change.

Decreasing moving time from airport to cruise terminal will increase passenger’s tour time and positively affect the local economic.

Second, cruise terminal has to be designed and developed on the basis of dividing passenger’s path and location of ship’s store loading operation for safety & convenience of passengers.

Lastly, Korean government support is needed to increase the attraction of Korean cruise ports in order to invite cruise and revitalize cruise market.

SWOT(Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis by understanding internal and external environmental factors was conducted to discover proper strategies on each environmental factors in the East-Rim sea.

For the revitalization of Korean cruise market in the East-Rim sea, the below strategies should be planned and taken with the SWOT analysis in this study.

SO Strategy : To pioneer a new cruise market in the East-Rim sea.

ST Strategy : To increase the attraction of Korean ports in the East-Rim Sea.

WO Strategy : To improve and reorganize laws and institutions about cruise industry.

WT Strategy : To develop Korean style cruise through establishment of Korean cruise company.

Additionally, the economic effect of the cruise was also analyzed with clarifying cases which are classified by home port and transit port.

The direct economic effect of a cruise (GRT : 100,000 t / Passengers : 2,800 / Crew : 1,000) in Busan port was calculated at about 700 million won. Based on the direct economic effect, each economic effects were calculated as follows. Production inducement - 1.2 billion won, Income inducement - 200 million won, Employment inducement - 16 people, Labor inducement – 8 people, Value added inducement – 500 million won, Tax revenue inducement – 67 million won, Import inducement – 200 million won

In the case of the Costa Serena (from Busan port to Russian & Japanese ports via Sokcho port), the direct economic effect in Korean ports was calculated at about 810 million won

(Production inducement - 1.4 billion won, Income inducement - 250 million won, Employment inducement - 19 people, Labor inducement – 10 people, Value added inducement – 580 million won, Tax revenue inducement – 80 million won, Import inducement – 230 million won)

Based on the future voyage plan of the Glory Sea, which is scheduled to sail from Sokcho to Russian & Japanese & Korean domestic ports about 90 times, the total direct economic effect in Sokcho port was calculated at 32.4 billion won.

(Production inducement - 55.3 billion won, Income inducement – 9.7 billion won, Employment inducement - 742 people, Labor inducement – 392 people, Value added inducement – 23.2 billion won, Tax revenue inducement – 3.1 billion won, Import inducement – 9.3 billion won)

The cruise industry has economic effects on varied industry, including tourism, port-logistics, transportation, so it is very significant in the economic.

As previously mentioned, although the cruise industry is important in various sectors, there are lack of analysis on Korean cruise industry and also rare to find on this subject.

Considering the above circumstance, this study on revitalization for Korean cruise industry with focusing on the cruise in the East-Rim sea will be meaningful and worthwhile.

If there were many data of the cruise market in the East-Rim sea, this thesis would have more accurate and additional analysis. This is the limitation of this study, and it will be the direction of research in the future.