스마트플로팅팜 시설계획에 관한 연구

Abstract

Agriculture and fisheries, which have been with human history, are the basic conditions for human survival. These industries have made great progress over time, but they are not free from the variables of the natural environment. Due to global warming and abnormal weather, natural disasters such as typhoons, sea level rise, and tsunamis are increasing all over the world. As a result, the agriculture and fishery industry is hampered by numerous disasters such as heavy rain, drought, pests, soil pollution, fine dust, and yellow dust damage. The world population also continues to grow to about 7.7 billion people as of July 10, 2019. Natural increase is the number of births minus deaths. In most areas, the number of births is greater than the number of deaths, and the population is increasing unless there is a net decrease in migration. With this rapid population growth on the earth, arable land is declining and the population returning from the cities to farming and fishing is increasing. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of manpower for farming. Under these circumstances, as the development of IT technology, the paradigm of agriculture and fishery industry is changing and overcoming this problem. The problem of lack of arable land is solved by vertical farming, and land pollution caused by the use of fertilizer is solved by aquaponics by fusion of fish farming and hydroponics. And the lack of manpower to manage the agricultural and fishery industry is solved by developing Smart Farms incorporating ICT technology. In particular, since the perch population is mostly elderly, ICT technology provides an environment for the management of crops much more efficiently. In this Smart Farm, the computer checks automatically the condition of the crops, or adjusts the environment of the house according to the crops. This provides reasonable profits for consumers and producers. In addition to Smart Farms in agriculture, Smart Aquafarm have been actively researched and expanded. Using Smart Aquafarm management technology, it can operate various facilities of the Aquafarm with a smartphone even on a distant land, and it can check the status of fishes in real time through an unmanned submersible camera. If Smart Aquafarm operations are activated in the future, economic efficiency can be greatly improved by reducing expenses such as labor and feed costs and aging and aquatic supply and demand of aquaculture workers will also be solved. In particular, by applying advanced aquaculture technology using artificial intelligence, it is expected to reduce feed costs and reduce pollution of the sea environment by supplying an appropriate amount of food on time. Therefore, if the Smart Aquafarm operation technology is further developed, it is expected that the fishing village's aging and manpower supply and demand will be solved by the increase in the population of the reared fish and the inflow of young manpower. In the other hand, floating farms can cope with climate change and grow crops in an aquaponics way that can simultaneously run agriculture and aquaculture. The use of a cyclical system approach also reduces soil and water pollution and makes crops more efficient. Floating farm uses a floating structure that can be used to cope with rising sea levels, to move to safer places in case of natural disasters, and to prevent drought damage. The floating farm is expected to further develop into a Smart Floating Farm using the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology. Currently, domestic Smart Farms grow vegetables and fruits held in trees such as tomatoes, strawberries, and paprika, so there is a limit to applicate the vertical farming. In other words, the building area should be large, but the land is limited for this purpose, so the Smart Floating Farm is the best solution to this problem. Therefore, this study converges Smart Farms, Smart Aquafarms and Floating Farms using the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology such as Information and Communication Technology(ICT), Internet of Things(IoT), Artificial Intelligence(AI) and Big Data. So the goal is to plan a Smart Floating Farm that is suitable for the technology, environment, geography and industry characteristics of Korea.