우리나라 건설산업의 효율성측정과 그 결정요인에 대한 연구

Abstract

The global financial crisis, which began in the US financial market in 2008, had as much of an impact on the global economy as the Great Depression of 1929. In the 2000s, the U.S. economy deteriorated due to the collapse of the IT bubble, the 9/11 terrorism, and the war, and this led to an ultra-low interest rate policy. Domestic construction industries need to secure competitiveness that can increase management efficiency along with differentiated strategies for sustainable growth and competitive advantage in an environment of slowed growth and intensified competition. Basically, the construction industry must efficiently operate the labor force together with the assets it possesses, and furthermore, efforts by the entire enterprise to increase the total factor productivity through improvement of construction technology and expansion of high-quality manpower will be required. The purpose of this paper is to analyze changes in efficiency and efficiency using statistical data provided by the Ministry of Statistics from 2008 to 2018, and further analyze the determinants of efficiency. As a result, first, in the sales model, the efficiency of most construction industries was very high, over 0.9, the technology efficiency value of “electricity and communication construction business” was 0.986, which was the most efficient construction industry, and “facility maintenance construction business” was 0.899 The furnace efficiency was low. In terms of net technical efficiency, the net technical efficiency of all construction industries was very high, above 0.9, and the net technical efficiency value of “electricity and communication construction project” was 0.988, which was the most efficient construction industry, and “indoor construction and building finishing construction project” The efficiency was the lowest at 0.914. In terms of scale efficiency, the efficiency of all construction industries was higher than 0.9, the scale efficiency value of “civil facility construction business” was 1.000, which was the most efficient construction industry, and “facility maintenance construction business” was the lowest with an efficiency of 0.916. In the economic analysis of scale, from 2008 to 2018, the “building facility installation construction project” showed the characteristic of increasing profits of scale (IRS). Second, in the value-added model, the efficiency of most construction industries was found to be more than 0.6, the technology efficiency value of “electricity and communication construction project” was 0.924, which was the most efficient construction industry, and “specialized construction project related to infrastructure and facility construction” was 0.366. Technology efficiency was very low. In terms of net technology efficiency, the efficiency of most construction industries was found to be more than 0.6, and the net technology efficiency value of “electricity and communication construction business” was 0.929, which was the most efficient construction industry, and “specialized construction business related to infrastructure and facility construction” was 0.440. The net technical efficiency was the lowest. In terms of scale efficiency, the efficiency of most construction industries was higher than 0.9, and the efficiency value of the scale of “non-residential building construction industry” was 0.997, which was the most efficient construction industry, and the “facility maintenance construction project” was the most efficient at 0.797. Was the lowest. In the economies of scale analysis, for 11 years from 2008 to 2018, the “ground construction construction industry” showed an increase in profits of scale (IRS). Third, looking at the efficiency trend of the construction industry from 2008 to 2018, the trend of technical efficiency and net technology efficiency of the construction industry by year for the sales model almost coincided, and efficiency has been increasing since 2012, and the efficiency of scale is 2011. It has been on a decline since 2010. In the value-added model, the trend of technology efficiency and net technology efficiency almost coincided and has been rising since 2013, and the efficiency of scale was constant from 2008 to 2016. Fourth, the technical efficiency of the construction industry was analyzed from 2008 to 2018. Therefore, factors influencing technology efficiency were analyzed, and log(raw material cost/construction cost), log(labor cost/construction cost), log(welfare benefit/construction cost), log(outsourcing construction cost/construction cost), log(outsourcing construction cost/construction cost), log(percentage of companies with more than 1 billion), log(real wage per person), log(unemployment rate), year, and the first half of the year.In order to take into account industrial characteristics, the industry debates the construction industry except for the residential building construction industry. Added variables. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting the technology efficiency of the construction industry for the sales model, log(raw material cost/construction cost), log(outsourcing construction cost/construction cost), and log(unemployment rate) influenced the technology efficiency. That is, as the raw material cost/construction cost and outsourcing construction cost/construction cost increase, the technology efficiency decreases, and as the unemployment rate increases, the technology efficiency increases. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the factors that affect the technology efficiency of the construction industry for the value-added model, log (benefit benefits/construction cost) and log(unemployment rate) affected the technology efficiency, and the benefits/construction cost increased. If so, technology efficiency decreases, and as the unemployment rate increases, technology efficiency increases. In the dummy variable, “electricity and telecommunication construction work” had a significant positive effect, and “electricity and telecommunication construction work” is interpreted as having higher efficiency than other industries.

2008년 미국에서 발생된 금융시장부실화로 인한 세계경제의 금융위기는 1929년 대공황이래 세계 경제에 가장 심대한 타격을 입혔다. 2000년대 들어서면서 등장한 미국의 IT버블 붕괴와 911테러 및 이라크 전쟁 등으로 인해 경기침체가 더욱 악화되었으며, 이를 계기로 선진국을 중심으로 양적완화정책에 따르는 초저금리 정책이 전개되었다. 이러한 변화과정 속에서 국내 건설산업은 경쟁이 심화된 환경 속에서 지속가능한 성장을 위해 경영효율성을 증대시키고 경쟁력을 확보할 필요성이 점증해왔다. 건설산업은 그 어느때보다도 효율성 증대를 통한 경쟁력확보가 최대의 과제가 되고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 2008년부터 2018년까지 통계청 자료를 활용하여 효율성 을 측정하며, 나아가 효율성 결정요인 분석하여 효율성의 영향요인과 영향정도를 파악하여 건설산업의 효율성을 증대시키는 방안을 찾아보고자 한다. 얻어진 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 매출액 모형에서 대부분 건설 산업의 효율성은 0.9이상으로 매우 높게 나타났으며, “전기 및 통신 공사업”의 기술효율성 값이 0.986으로 가장 효율적인 건설 산업이었으며, “시설물 유지관리 공사업”이 0.899로 효율성이 낮았다. 순기술 효율성에서는 모든 건설 산업의 순기술효율성이 0.9이상으로 매우 높게 나타났으며, “전기 및 통신 공사업”의 순기술효율성 값이 0.988로 가장 효율적인 건설 산업이었고, “실내건축 및 건축마무리 공사업”이 0.914로 효율성이 가장 낮았다. 규모의 효율성에서는 모든 건설 산업의 효율성은 0.9이상으로 높게 나타났으며, “토목 시설물 건설업”의 규모 효율성 값이 1.000으로로 가장 효율적인 건설 산업이었으며, “시설물 유지관리 공사업”은 0.916의 효율성으로 가장 낮았다. 규모의 경제 분석에서 2008년부터 2018년까지 “건물설비 설치 공사업”은 규모에 따르는 수익이 증가하는 특성을 보여 쥬었다. 둘째, 부가가치 모형에서 대부분 건설 산업의 효율성은 0.6이상으로 나타났으며, “전기 및 통신 공사업”의 기술효율성 값이 0.924로 가장 효율적인 건설 산업이었고, “기반조성 및 시설물 축조관련 전문공사업”는 0.366으로 기술효율성이 매우 낮았다. 순기술 효율성에서는 대부분 건설 산업의 효율성은 0.6이상으로 나타났으며, “전기 및 통신 공사업”의 순기술효율성 값이 0.929로 가장 효율적인 건설 산업이었고, “기반조성 및 시설물 축조관련 전문공사업”는 0.440로 순기술효율성이 가장 낮았다. 규모의 효율성에서는 대부분 건설 산업의 효율성은 0.9이상으로 높게 나타났으며, “비주거용 건물 건설업”의 규모의 효율성 값이 0.997로 가장 효율적인 건설 산업이었고, “시설물 유지관리 공사업”는 0.797로 규모의 효율성이 가장 낮았다. 규모의 경제 분석에서는 2008년부터 2018년까지 11년 동안, “지반조성 건설업”은 규모에 따르는 수익이 증가하는 특성을 보여 주었다. 셋째, 2008년부터 2018년까지 건설 산업의 효율성 추세를 보면, 매출액 모형에 대한 년도별 건설 산업의 기술효율성과 순기술효율성 추세는 거의 일치하며 2012년부터 효율성이 승상하고 있었으며, 규모의 효율성은 2011년부터 감소추세를 보이고 있었다. 부가가치 모형에서는 기술효율성과 순기술효율성 추세는 거의 일치하며 2013년부터 승상하고 있었으며, 규모의 효율성은 2008년부터 2016년까지 일정하였다. 넷째, 2008년부터 2018년까지 건설 산업의 기술효율성을 분석하였다. 이에 기술효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였으며, 효율성 영향요인으로 log(원재료비/공사비용), log(인건비/공사비용), log(복리후생/공사비용), log(외주공사비/공,사비용), log(10억이상사업체비율), log(일인당실질임금), log(실업률), 년도, 전후반기로 나누었으며, 산업별 고유한 특성을 고려하기 위해주거용 건물 건설업을 제외한 나버지 건설 산업에 대해 산업더비변수를 추가하였다. 매출액 모형에 대한 건설 산업의 기술효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 log(원재료비/공사비용), log(외주공사비/공사비용), log(실업률)이 기술효율성에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 원재료비/공사비용, 외주공사비/공사비용이 증가하면 기술효율성이 감소하며, 실업률은 증가할수록 기술효율성은 증가하였다. 다섯째, 부가가치 모형에 대한 건설 산업의 기술효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과, log(복리후생/공사비용), log(실업률)이 기술효율성에 영향을 미쳤으며, 복리후생/공사비용이 증가하면 기술효율성이 감소하며, 실업률은 증가할수록 기술효율성은 증가하였다. 더미변수에서는 “전기 및 통신 공사업”는 유의한 양의 영향을 미쳤으며, “전기 및 통신 공사업”은 다른 산업에 비해 효율성이 높은 것으로 해석된다.