동북아 물류거점화를 위한 항만 배후 부지 구축전략에 관한 실증연구

Abstract

It is a crucial issue in Korea whether the country can become the center of commodity logistics when the Busan New Port, which is currently under construction, becomes a logistic hub port of the Northeast Asia. In addition to the rapid global changes in the environment of maritime commodity distribution, some of the major countries in the Northeast Asia such as China and Japan are seriously attempting at the national level to transfer their ports to logistic hub ports in the region.

However, majority of the total shipping commodity at the Busan New Port includes trans-shipment cargo. Recently such trans- shipment cargo tends to decrease, which shows various uncertainties and problems for the Busan New Port to become a logistics hub port. To maintain the competitiveness of the Busan New Port the most inevitable activities are securing available resources and capabilities for the port and helping the port become a hub port by choosing the most appropriate port strategy to meet the uncertain port environment changes. It is important to secure "the 3rd commodity" by re-exporting processed and assembled commodities for the sustainable maintenance of the commodities that the Busan New Port can handle considering the uncertainties of the trans-shipment commodities. The core area to create such 3rd commodity and value-added products is a hinterland of the Busan New Port.

Based on the above point of view, a hinterland strategy among the value-chain processes should include liner invitation, loading and unloading process, customs clearance, cargo flow and various optimal service activities along with helping the port develop the role of strategic location (port cluster) while creating high value-added new commodities. This research laid out the strategic factors of port hinterland and analyzed the feasibility of these strategies through field application to help the newly constructed Busan New Port become a logistic hub port to sufficiently fulfill the above listed important roles. To meet these research objectives a questionnaire was developed and distributed to gather information from government agencies which directly oversee commodity logistics policy, experts and field supervisors in commodity logistics. The questionnaire was composed of dependent and independent variables and parameters. The following statistical methods were used to analyzed the survey data.

First, the reliability of each question was verified by Cronbach's a method and the feasibility of relevant variables was analyzed for their causes by the principle-component extraction method. Cause-effect relationships among the causes were analyzed by the AMOS 4.0 Structural Equation Modelling(SEM). Based on the results of this analysis the research hypothesis was verified to meet the research objectives. Analyzed in this study include the important port environment factors which affect the Korean ports to become logistic hub ports in the Northeast Asia. Considering such port environment factors a port hinterland strategy was developed to meet port competitiveness by eliminating the bottleneck phenomenon of ports. Also analyzed was the potential contribution of this strategy to the competitiveness of ports in Korea. The results and their implications from this analysis are as follows.

First, to overcome three types of change in the Northeast Asian port environment

the direction of port development policy, development methodology, and establishment strategy of hinterland.

Secondly, among the three types of port hinterland strategy it was found that a development methodology which is consisted of a total of ten variables was found the most important factor. The next important factor was the government's direction of port development policy followed by the hinterland establishment strategy. All factors received higher than 5.6 out of the maximum of 7.0. This result implies that port hinterland strategy was very important and most appropriate.

Thirdly, according to the results of a ranking test of the port hinterland strategy variables construction and strengthening of inter connection of highways, railroads and communication facilities were found the most important variables followed by the establishment of a port cluster which is generally associated with ports- hinterland- industrial park. And the third important variable was the close association of policy and system to provide integrated services.

In summary the study found that to secure the competitiveness of ports considering the changes of the Northeast Asian port logistics environment the port hinterland of the currently constructed Busan New Port should become the center of comprehensive maritime transportation and a port cluster associated with industrial parks. It is important to provide optimal (One-stop) services, to pursue creating adequate profits, and to establish methods to create value-added products through various value-added service activities.

One of the limitations in this research includes the lack of detail comparative study and information acquisition from the neighboring major competitive countries such as China and Japan and the lack of investigation and comparison of the viewpoints of the commodity logistics experts of these countries. Another limit in this research is the lack of more sophisticated and versatile analysis of port commodity logistics facilities and operational modes using field data. These limitations should be further studied to strengthen the results of this research in the future.

declining of trans-shipment commodities, development potential of competitive ports, and inadequate port infrastructure and service the study showed that the following three types of port hinterland strategy were proven to be necessary for Korean ports to establish the foundation of logistic hub ports in the region