물류창고 재해발생경로 분석을 통한 안전관리 개선방안

Abstract

Warehouses in logistics industry keep inventories, by which they sever as function of enhancing an effective value of time and place in supply chain. But most of them have vulnerability in Safety and Health Management, together with problems of small-scale operation and deteriorated structure. The unfortunate accidents that have repeatedly occurred in large warehouses over the last years caused loss of personnel and material, distribution disturbance of supply chain, and damage to national image and so on, which can be said to lead to a potentially astronomical amount of loss in the industry.

Korean government has adopted a one-size-fits-all Safety & Health Management System in all industries pursuant to state-directed precautionary accident prevention & safety management policy. But this national policy, based on 'Accident Sequence Theory' by Heinrich H.W. and Frank Bird Jr. is highly likely to generate unforeseen risk factors in rapidly changing environment of industry.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is as follows. First, the nature of accidents and how to control them are to be figured out. Second, the present condition of safety control in warehouses and cases of negligent accidents that happened lately are to be examined, by which to figure out grave risk and control risk factors. And lastly, in order to cope with grave risk and control risk factors of domestic warehouses more effectively, various theories on which the existing safety management policy has been based are to be integrated to suggest a new model of accident occurrence path.

To serve the purpose of this study, analysis on accident path, based on various literature research and case study of accidents, are utilized to suggest effective safety management practices for warehouses. A scientific analysis on safety management practices is performed to directly control the causes of accidents that can clarify the cause-and-effect relationship thereof, and to heighten the degree of effectiveness. The safety management improvement method to be suggested in this study is as follows. First, 4M-Risk Assessment is utilized just as precautionary safety measures, although it is safety management method for system safety. It needs to be improved as a system appropriate for rapidly changing industrial environment. Second, there are plenty of unforeseen risk factors that can be caused by movement of freight and transfer or avoidance(terminate) of risk. So, dual safety management is necessarily required, by which internal factors are controlled by precautionary measures, and any loss caused by unexpected variables is also controlled to enhance the resilience and restoration ability of work in logistics companies. Third, the existing precautionary measures already outruns the threshold of effectiveness for safety. So, it is required to build safety management system that can be more effectively coping with various on-the-job accidents.

Academic and practical points to be conducted in this study are as follows. First, theoretical background about accident-initiating cause and 4M-Risk Assessment System, recognized as the most effective safety management system, are considered from all sides. Second, the present condition of warehouses' safety management and case study of recent negligent accidents are examined, with literature research as precedent study, by which to identify grave risk and control risk factors of warehouses. Third, specific factors in time sequential cause-and-effect relationship, based on the accident path model, are controlled to analyze the changes of casualty loss scale, on the basis of which more effective and practical safety management improvement method is suggested.