연료전지 기반의 소형선박용 추진시스템에 관한 연구

Abstract

This fuel cell ship, which is designed and constructed through this study, is the first ship in Korea to apply hybrid propulsion system based on fuel cell. And also, Integrated control system, PMS, BMS are developed to apply the fuel cell based hybrid propulsion system in the ship.

As the usage of fossil energy is increasing rapidly, the climate change becomes intensified due to the greenhouse gas. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted at UN Conference on Environmental and Development in 1992. And the Kyoto Protocol which includes the detailed implementation plan was effectuated. Even in Korea, the development of the relative technique is clearly needed because of the CO2 emission regulation might move back to 2018 faster than expected.

The amount of CO2 emission from ships is about 30 billion tons per year world widely. The ships’, which use fossil fuel, the amount of CO2 emission is about one billion ton, which corresponds to 3.3% of 30 billion tons. In relation to this matter, Marine Pollution Treaty (MARPOL) has tightened up. The development of the low-pollution and eco-friendly ship is urgently needed because the present diesel engines for propulsion cannot satisfy the regulations of emission.

Due to those situations, many of freight and transportation companies hastened to develop their technology to satisfy the environment regulation. Especially on the inland waters of EU, the measure, that make fossil fuel ships are not allowed to sail, is preparing, therefore the studies of using electric propulsion system of ship have been continued.

The fuel cell ship is now being used widely in European countries, where cabin cruisers are used for tourists along the river. The boat may be used at the center of the city because of no exhaust gas, and also the electric propulsion system mitigated seasickness, which comes with vibration, noise, and the smell of gas. So people of all ages and both sexes are comfortable.

Based on the above advantages, it is expected that the cabin cruiser ships are sailing slowly for passenger’s pleasure and using as floating home, café, and restaurant, etc.

Korea should decrease 10% of CO2 emission quantity every five(5) years form 2015 like 10% on 2015, 20% on 2020, and 30% on 2025. In some degree, it might be possible to follow the regulation with short and mid-term plans however there is no way to pass completely the regulation, which will be strengthening, without energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction technology, and it is urgently needed to develop related technology and this situation makes us to develop advanced technology to meet regulations.

Fuel cell is an equipment of conversion from chemical energy of hydrogen which is main resources of energy to electrical energy. The electrical energy of fuel cell is caused by chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and generating efficiency is generally about 30~40%, thermal efficiency is over than 40%. Therefore, it is to have a high efficiency of about 70~80% and it is expected to replace the existing heat engines if when it is co-generated. Unlike the heat engines are based on fossil fuel to generate the exhaust gas which causes environmental pollution, the fuel cell battery reduces considerably the risk of environmental contamination because it discharge unreacted water and air after chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, instead of exhaust gas. It is easy to operate fuel cell system and maintenance, since it has no mechanical movement, also it can expect for a long service life.

Thus fuel cell is the eco-system aligned with the international circumstances and has the characteristic of high efficiency. Many studies have been made with respect to the application plan and control direction of fuel cell and furthermore, fuel cell research for the ship is actively proceeding.

This study is conducted laying emphasis on the commercialization of the fuel cell ship using the electric power generated from fuel cell as propulsion electric power. The fuel cell ship can solve environmental problems by using environment-friendly energy and can make system of the boat lightweight and simple, because the auxiliary equipment necessary to operate internal combustion engines, are not necessary. But, it is very difficult to apply the fuel cell on ships that electric power load can be changed rapidly because it does not have characteristics to follow the electric power load variation immediately in a short time. Therefore, this study for ship power system as a propulsion system based on fuel cell that can make ship be operated stably and performed to solve this problem.

For the purpose this study, it is to compare and analyze the characteristic of the fuel cell ship by designing and manufacturing fuel cell and propulsion/power system of hybrid small ship connecting the battery that can supplement the weakness of fuel cell, by aiming technical development and commercialization of low-carbon Green Ship using fuel cell as the main propulsion system.

This study performed the whole system configuration necessary for operating ship at actual sea state, the hybrid propulsion configuration and operation program and operation simulation of electric power system and performance verification and designing and construction of fuel cell ship.

And also this study propose the operating and control plan of fuel cell system, through the analysis of actual sea trial result and simulation data, and subjects to be settled.