선박수리계약에 관한 연구

Abstract

최근 미래 성장 동력으로서 선박 수리 산업이 많이 언급되고 있다. 그 이유는 우리나라의 보유 선복량으로 인하여 국내 수요가 어느 정도 발생하는 점, 갈수록 강화되고 있는 선박 안전 규정에 따른 개조의 필요성, 북극항로의 환적항으로서 역할을 할 가능성이 있는 점, 지난 10년간 세계에서 가장 많은 선박을 건조한 사실 등으로 향후 수요의 증가가 예측되기 때문이다. 또한 고도로 숙련된 노동력을 필요로 하는 산업이기 때문에 조선 산업의 인력을 대체 활용 가능하기 때문이기도 하다. 그러나 선박 수리 산업은 조선 산업에 비하여 많은 연구가 이뤄지지 않았다. 또한 해운 강국, 세계 5위의 항만을 가진 국가 임에도 불구하고 선박 수리 산업에 대한 관심은 저조했고 이에 대한 연구도 많이 이뤄지지 않아왔다. 선박 건조 계약서, 해운 관련 계약서 연구는 많이 이뤄져온 반면, 선박 수리는 일부 대형 조선소를 제외하고 소규모 업체가 주도하여 왔기 때문에 국내적으로 큰 법적 분쟁이 없었고 그에 따른 연구도 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선박 수리 계약에 대한 연구를 해보고자 한다.

이에, 선박 수리 계약에 대한 연구를 통해서 선박 수리 계약의 본질을 파악하고, 우리나라의 민법 개념이 적용 가능한 선박 수리 계약 서식을 제안해보고자 한다. 국제 거래의 양상을 띄는 선박 수리 산업에서는 대형 선사와 선박 관리 회사, 대형 조선소는 각각 고유의 거래 계약 서식을 가지고 있다. 어느 특정 업체의 거래 계약 서식을 기준으로 연구하기 보다는 국제 해운표준계약서식을 제공하여 오고 있는 BIMCO의 REPAIRCON(선박수리계약서식)이라 하는 서식을 기준으로 연구를 하는 것이 어느 한쪽에 치우치지 않고 균형 있는 접근을 하는데 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 BIMCO REPAIRCON을 중심으로 선박 수리 계약에 대하여 검토하여 보도록 한다.|Recently ship repair industry has emerged as a next industry since the crisis of shipbuilding industry, one of major industries in Korea, which has led Korea economy growth about last ten years. There are several reasons for why ship repair industry can be the next industry which can replace with ship building industry.

At first, there are a plenty of domestic demands from ship owners in Korea. Secondly the tendencies to require vessels to be more environmental friendly and to be more safe have been increased. So the ship owners have been facing with the requirements for renovation of the vessels or installation of new eco friendly equipments such as BWTS in accordance with IMO rules or regulations of each countries. The third reason is Korea can be one of main transit port as located on the way of North Pole Route. It means the ship owner can choose Korea as repair place to save their costs of moving. If they repair the vessel in Korea, the vessel doesn't need to move to go other place, without being off the route for the repair. Also there are much potential ship repair demands as Korea ship building companies have been building numerous vessels for decades. Usually Ship owners prefer to repair their vessels at the country in which the vessel was built for procuring main ship components easily and smooth maintenance. Further to above, the skillful people from ship building industry can work also at the ship repair industry. The encouragement of ship repair industry is to be a good solution for the people who lost their job at ship building companies. Considering aforesaid reasons, it seems clear that the ship repair industry can be our next promising industry. Nevertheless, there are not many researches on ship repair industry in comparison with ship building industry. Besides most of the ship repair companies in Korea are too small to research or develop new techniques, skills and to deal with or negotiate with big shipping companies or ship management companies for entering into a ship repair contract as a contractor. Focusing on a ship repair contract, most of the shipping companies and ship management companies have their own general terms and conditions which fully include their needs and requirements. Meanwhile, most of the ship repair companies in Korea do not have such their own general terms and conditions. So they usually contract with their customers in accordance with the general terms and condition provided by their customers. This makes them sit inferior position in the contract necessarily. Hereby it is highly required to analyze and study ship repair contract from a supplier side. The main purpose of this research is to study what the ship repair contract is by referencing to BIMCO REPAIRCON. As BIMCO REPAIRCON designed by BIMCO providing many standard contract forms in maritime industries includes the clauses which divide risks of the contract equally to both party, I choose this form for a reference for my research. This study is organized as follow.

Chapter 1 is introducing the purpose of this study, explaining why this study performs and presenting the approaches.

Chapter 2 provides the introduction of ship repair industry, the current state of the industry and the features of the industry.

Chapter 3 considers what the ship repair contract is by studying who is the party concerned in this contract and by referencing to BIMCO REPAIRCON's each clauses. Also this chapter considers what the applicable law is to be when both parties concerned choose BIMCO REPAIRCON as their contract form when contracting in Korea.

Chapter 4 studies case laws by considering court's decisions from England, United states, Canada and Korea.

Chapter 5 provides conclusions of this study.