조선 산업의 노동수요 결정에 대한 연구

Abstract

Since the 1997 financial crisis, the structure of labor market in Korea has changed, resulting in the division of regular and irregular workers. The wage gap between regular and irregular workers has intensified and the segmentation of the labor market has been strengthened.

Under this social background, this thesis aims to empirically analyze the determinants of labor demand in Korean shipbuilding industry, based on the human capital theory. First it was examined whether wage discrepancy exists substantially in the labor market in Korean shipbuilding industry. That was founded through the data issued by the National Statistical Office, Korea Off-Shore Plant Association.

Second, based on these findings, I set up the model which is designed to make analysis of how and by which factors labor demands is determined in each labor markets. To do this, three factor-Cobb-Douglas production function which consists of capital, low-educated labor, high-educated labor,Q=AL^α*K^β*E^γ , is used. The estimation equations which can make it possible to estimate the determinants of labor demand in each segmented labor market were derived by applying cost-minimizing principle to this production function, with the results that the labor demands in each labor market are determined by relative production factor price between three factors, the quantity of production and technical progress. The derived estimation equations are as follows.

lnL=α0+α1ln(Pk/PL)+α2ln(PE/PL)+α3lnQ+α4t+ui

lnE=β0+β1ln(PK/PE)+β2ln(PL/PE)+β3lnQ+β4t+ui

Based on the above estimation equations, in terms of estimation method was SUR(seemingly unrelated regression) method used, because ORS(ordinary least square) that assumes independent and identical disturbance terms cannot cover the simultaneous equation system with auto-correlated disturbance term.

The purport of the estimation results are as follows.

First, The labor demand of low-educated laborers increases when the relative price of the high-educated laborer(PE/PL)rises.

Second, the labor demand of high-educated laborer was increased when the relative price of capital(PK/PE) in terms of the price of high-educated labor rise.

Third, the increment of production quantity increases both of employment of low-educated laborers and high-educated laborer. But the former has a larger effect on employment than the latter. male skilled ones.

Fourth, technical progress also increases both of employment of low-educated laborers and high-educated laborer. But the former has a slightly less effect on employment than the latter.

When it comes to implement policy related shipbuilding industry, the complementary relation between low-educated labor and high-educated labor and between physical capital and high-educated labor should be considered. A variety of policies should be designed to expand the amount of quantity and promote technical progress, with the increase of production quantity and technical progress bringing about employment of both laborers.