中國의 港灣政策과 주요 港灣 效率性에 대한 分析

Abstract

The main China has experienced a far faster economic growth than expected since it's government announced the Reform and Open Policy in 1978. This Policy encouraged the foreign investment to flow into China. It is generally recognized that this foreign investment has played a decisive role in transforming the economic system and promoting the economic growth.

Especially this investment is intensively being made in the economic special area which is authorized by Chinese government. As the economy grows rapidly, three economic special areas-Zhujiang(珠江) Delta Area, Changjiang(長江) Delta Area, Bohai(渤海) Bay Area-is being developed into the agglomeration area which attracts all kinds of producton factors including labor, capital and technology connected to manufacturing industry, financial market and R&D center etc., which leads to the creation of increasing returns to scale. So it is never accidental that the ports is well constructed and operated in this 3 areas.

This paper focuses on the estimation of the efficiency of 8 biggest ports which exists in 3 areas, considering the change of the port policy which is oriented toward competitive system. As a tool of measurement of analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is utilized.

What I found through the estimation is as follows. First the port policy based upon competitive system increases the port efficiency on the whole. Second the efficiency of the ports in Bohai Bay Area, reached the highest level, compared with other 2 areas in 1990 and that of the ports in Zhujiang Delta Area in 1999 and that of the ports in Changjiang Delta Area in 2004. Third Qingdao port is the most efficient in Bohai Bay Area and Shanghai port in Changjiang Delta Area and Shenzhen port in Zhujiang Delta Area. Forth, the bigger the scale of the port, the more efficient in China.